이탈리아 2022 총선 .우익 동맹 하원 총 400석 중 238석, 상원 200석 중 112석을 장악.조지아 멜로니 (프라텔리 디탈리아 =이탈리

1. 조지아 멜로니와 이탈리아 형제 정당 이념적 성격.

조지아 멜로니는 프라텔리 디탈리아 (Fratelli d'Italia : 이탈리아의 형제들) 2012년 창당. 2018년 총선 4% 득표, 2022년 26% 득표.

조지아 멜로니 (1977년) 는 스스로 파시스트임을 내세우지 않지만, 청년시절 네오 파시스트 운동에 적극 가담했고, 베니토 무솔리니의 구호 "신, 조국과 가족 God, Fatherland and family"를 따르고, 현재 정책들도 이에 근거함.

따라서 다음과 같은 조지아 멜로니 '이탈리아 형제들' 정당 슬로건을 보면 베니토 무솔리니 파시스트 운동에 뿌리를 둔 정당임.

"자연가족 찬성, LGBT 로비 반대, 성정체성 찬성, 젠더 이데올로기 반대, 이슬람 폭력 반대, 국경수비 강화 찬성, 대규모 이민 반대, 대규모 국제 재정부담 반대, 유럽연합 관료주의 반대"

멜로니의 동맹자인 베루스코니와 살비니는 러시아 푸틴과 친함, 이 둘은 유럽연합의 러시아 제재에 대해 회의적.

조지아 멜로니는 공식적으로 우크라이나를 지지했음.

2. 정치 동맹 현황.

조지아 멜로니 (이탈리아 형제당) + 동맹세력 마테오 살비니, 베루스코니 중도우파 등 우익동맹이 상원과 하원 장악.

(Senate and chamber of deputies)

조지아 멜로니 경쟁당. 엔리코 레타 (민주당. enrico Letta) 중도 좌파.

조지아 멜로니 우파 동맹자들. 마테오 살비니 극우 리그, 실비오 베루스코니 중도우파 포자 이탈리아. ( Matteo Salvini's far-right League and former PM Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right Forza Italia )

3. 2022년 이탈리아 총선 결과.

우익 동맹이 하원 총 400석 중 238석, 상원 200석 중 112석을 장악할 것으로 봄.

이탈리아 형제들 (26% Brothers of Italy) 지난 2018년 선거 4%에서 급부상

민주당 DP. 19.06%

오성 운동 (Five Star Movement) 15.42%

리그 (우익) 8.78 %

포르자 이탈리아 (베루스코니) 8.12%

제3의 극 (Third Pole) 7.78%

이탈리아 적록 연맹 3.63%

4. 2022년 9월 총선 결과

이탈리아 민주당. 데보라 세라치아니 (Democratic Party figure Debora Serracchiani) . 극우파 이탈리아 형제당은 국회에서만 26%를 차지했지, 전국 이탈리아에서 지지를 받은 것은 아니다.

오성 운동 기우세페 콘테 (Giuseppe Conte)와 민주당 엔리코 레타 등 연합 약화.

투표율은 2018년에 비해 9% 하락한 63.91% . 특히 이탈리아 남부에서 투표율은 하락. 시칠리 등.

5. 조지아 멜로리의 우익 뿌리 . 2008년 31세 당시. 실비오 베루스코니가 조지아 멜로니를 '청소년 체육부 장관'으로 임명

조지아 멜로니 아버지 프란세스코는 좌파였고, 어머니 안나는 우익이었다. 그런데 아버지는 가족과 헤어졌고, 조지아 멜로니는 아버지의 부재에 대한 정치적 복수심이 있었을 것으로 해석.

조지아와 그 어머니 가족은 외할머니가 있는 가바텔라로 이사했고, 15세가 되던대 네오 파스시트 MSI 유소년 조직에 가담했다. 조지아 멜로니는 이후에 전국 연맹의 학생회장을 역임함.

조지아 멜로니의 정치적 동지는 마르코 마실리오(Marco Marsilio)로서, 1992년 조지아가 유소년 조직에 참여할 때 만났다. 10살 위인 마르코는 현재 압루조 Abruzzo 지역 조직 대표이다.

흥미로운 사실. 실비오 베루스코스가 2008년 31세 나이 멜로니를   '청소년 체육부 장관'으로 임명했다.

Giorgia Meloni: Italy's far-right wins election and vows to govern for all
By Paul Kirby
BBC News, Rome

Giorgia Meloni claims victory in Italy's general election

Far-right leader Giorgia Meloni has claimed victory in Italy's election, and is on course to become the country's first female prime minister.

Ms Meloni is widely expected to form Italy's most right-wing government since World War Two.

That will alarm much of Europe as Italy is the EU's third-biggest economy.

However, speaking after the vote, Ms Meloni said her Brothers of Italy party would "govern for everyone" and would not betray people's trust.

"Italians have sent a clear message in favour of a right-wing government led by Brothers of Italy," she told reporters in Rome, holding up a sign saying "Thank you Italy".

She is set to win around 26% of the vote, ahead of her closest rival Enrico Letta from the centre left. Mr Letta told reporters on Monday that the far-right victory was a "sad day for Italy and Europe" but his party would provide a "strong and intransigent opposition".

AS IT HAPPENED: Far-right Meloni set to become Italy's first female PM


Watch out EU: Meloni‘s coming


Ms Meloni's right-wing alliance - which also includes Matteo Salvini's far-right League and former PM Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right Forza Italia - will take control of both the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, with around 44% of the vote.

Four years ago, Brothers of Italy won little more than 4% of the vote but this time benefited from staying out of the national unity government that collapsed in July.

The party's dramatic success in the vote disguised the fact that her allies performed poorly, with the League slipping below 9%, and Forza Italia even lower.

Their big advantage, however, was that where they were able to put up one unified candidate in a constituency, their opponents in the left and centre could not agree a common position and stood separately.

Giorgia Meloni appears certain to become prime minister but it will be for the president, Sergio Mattarella, to nominate her and that is unlikely to happen before late October.

Although she has worked hard to soften her image, emphasising her support for Ukraine and diluting anti-EU rhetoric, she leads a party rooted in a post-war movement that rose out of dictator Benito Mussolini's fascists.

Earlier this year she outlined her priorities in a raucous speech to Spain's far-right Vox party: "Yes to the natural family, no to the LGBT lobby, yes to sexual identity, no to gender ideology... no to Islamist violence, yes to secure borders, no to mass migration... no to big international finance... no to the bureaucrats of Brussels!"

Chamber of Deputies graphic

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The centre-left alliance was a long way behind the right with 26% of the vote and Democratic Party figure Debora Serracchiani argued that the right "has the majority in parliament, but not in the country".

In truth the left failed to form a viable challenge with other parties after Italy's 18-month unity government fell apart, and officials were downbeat even before the vote.

The Five Star Movement under Giuseppe Conte won a convincing third place - but did not see eye to eye with Enrico Letta even though they have several policies in common on immigration and raising the minimum wage.

Turnout fell to a record low of 63.91% - nine points down on 2018. Voting levels were especially poor in southern regions including Sicily.

Graphic of voting per area
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Italy is a founding father of the European Union and a member of Nato, and Ms Meloni's rhetoric on the EU places her close to Hungary's nationalist leader Viktor Orban.

Her allies have both had close ties with Russia. Mr Berlusconi, 85, claimed last week that Vladimir Putin was pushed into invading Ukraine while Mr Salvini has called into question Western sanctions on Moscow.

Ms Meloni wants to revisit Italian reforms agreed with the EU in return for almost €200bn (£178bn) in post-Covid recovery grants and loans, arguing that the energy crisis has changed the situation.

Italy is already the second most indebted country in the eurozone and Prof Leila Simona Talani of King's College London believes the next government will face a clutch of serious issues.

"They have no experience economically. Tax cuts will be a problem, so Italy will have less revenue and it's heading for a recession, so it'll face problems with the financial markets and with Europe. How will they find the money to tackle the rising energy prices?"


People stand next to a poster of Enrico Letta, secretary of the centre-left Democratic Party (PD), at the PD headquarters, during the snap election, in Rome, Italy, September 25, 2022


IMAGE SOURCE,REUTERS
Image caption,


There was little cause for joy at Enrico Letta's Democratic Party headquarters on Sunday night

The Hungarian prime minister's long-serving political director, Balazs Orban, was quick to congratulate Italy's right-wing parties: "We need more than ever friends who share a common vision and approach to Europe's challenges."

In France, Jordan Bardella of the far-right National Rally said Italian voters had given European Commission chief Ursula von der Leyen a lesson in humility. She had earlier said Europe had "the tools" to respond if Italy went in a "difficult direction".

However, Prof Gianluca Passarrelli of Rome's Sapienza University told the BBC he thought she would avoid rocking the boat on Europe and focus on other policies: "I think we will see more restrictions on civil rights and policies on LGBT and immigrants."

Ms Meloni wants a naval blockade to stop migrant boats leaving Libya, and Matteo Salvini is known to covet the job of interior minister which he held three years ago. However, he is currently on trial for barring a boat from docking as part of his policy to close ports to rescue boats.

This election marks a one-third reduction in the size of the two houses, and that appears to have benefited the winning parties.

The make-up of the Chamber and Senate is not yet clear but a YouTrend projection said the right-wing alliance would hold as many as 238 of the 400 seats in the lower house and 112 of the 200 seats in the upper house.

As for the centre left, they are projected to have 78 seats in the Chamber and 40 in the Senate.





Giorgia Meloni: Far-right leader poised to run Italy
By Mark Lowen
BBC Rome correspondent

Published
17 hours ago

Italian parliamentary elections 2022
Giorgia Meloni, leader of far-right Fratelli d'Italia party, poses for a picture after an interview with Reuters, in Rome, Italy, August 24


Giorgia Meloni, 45, leads Italy's far-right Brothers of Italy party


For 40 years, Anna Maria Tortora has sold her ripe tomatoes and fresh cucumbers to loyal customers at her market stall in Rome. Little did she realise that the young girl who used to queue up holding the hand of her grandfather would now be on course to be Italy's next prime minister.

"He was a wonderful person", she remembers, "and in love with his granddaughter."

With that little girl, Giorgia Meloni, having led her party to first place in the election, Anna Maria swells with pride. "I brought her up on my beans! She ate well, and she grew up well."

The market is in Garbatella, a working-class southern neighbourhood of Rome and traditionally a bastion of the left.

It's an incongruous origin for a politician now in pole position to become Italy's first far-right prime minister since Benito Mussolini.

Once the results of Italy's snap election are confirmed, the country's president, Sergio Mattarella will consult party leaders to determine who can lead a stable government. Ms Meloni, as the front-runner, will argue she has first refusal.

"She's not representative of this area, which is historically red," says Marta, a shopper pushing her pram past the vegetable stalls. Her elderly mother, Luciana, tells me she's scared of the prospect. "I'm profoundly anti-fascist," she adds. "If she gets in, it will be a very ugly period."



Anna Maria and the vegetables that Giorgia Meloni was "brought up on"

The fascist label is something that Giorgia Meloni vehemently rejects. Speaking in English, Spanish and French in a recent video, she insisted it had consigned the ideology to history.

But history is part of the problem in a country which had no equivalent of Germany's de-Nazification after the war, allowing fascist parties to reform. Founded in 2012, Brothers of Italy has its political roots in the Italian Social Movement (MSI), which rose from the ashes of Mussolini's fascism.

The party maintains the logo of post-war far-right parties: the tricolour flame, often perceived as the fire burning on Mussolini's tomb.

"Giorgia Meloni doesn't want to drop the symbol because it's the identity she can't escape from; it's her youth," says Gianluca Passarelli, a professor of political science at Rome's Sapienza University.

"Her party is not fascist," he explains. "Fascism means to get power and destroy the system. She won't do that and she couldn't. But there are wings in the party linked to the neo-fascist movement. She has always played somehow in-between."

Getty Images
We want a different Italian attitude on the international stage... this does not mean we want to destroy Europe, that we want to leave Europe, that we want to do crazy things




Her youth is indeed anchored on the hard right, and among humble beginnings: key to her image of a woman of the people.

Born in Rome, she was just a year old when her father, Francesco, walked out on the family and moved to the Canary Islands.

Francesco was left-wing, her mother Anna was on the right, prompting speculation that her political path was motivated in part by a desire to seek revenge on her absent father.




The family moved to Garbatella, close to her grandparents. There, aged 15, she joined Youth Front, the youth wing of the neo-fascist MSI, later becoming the president of the student branch of the movement's successor, National Alliance.

Marco Marsilio was holding a meeting in the MSI office in Garbatella when Giorgia Meloni knocked on its door in 1992. Ten years her senior, he became a close friend and political ally and is today president of the Abruzzo region.

"Here was this slender girl, but always very serious and determined," he says. "You'd notice her because at student meetings, she would stop anybody grabbing the microphone off her."

Marco MarsilioBBC
She had the courage of a lion
Marco Marsilio
President of Italy's Abruzzo region
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Over the years, they shared family holidays, debates, and social gatherings, and he has watched her grow in self-assurance. "She had her insecurities back then," Mr Marsilio says, "but maybe that was a strength because it made her read a dossier more, rather than less, before tackling an issue."

In 2008, aged 31, Giorgia Meloni became Italy's youngest ever minister, appointed to the Youth and Sport portfolio by Silvio Berlusconi.

2008년 31세 나이로 실비오 베루스코니가 '청소년 체육부 장관'으로 임명했다.

After forming her own party in 2012, she won just 4% of votes in the last election in 2018.

2012년 '이탈리아 형제당' 창당 후, 2018년 총선에서 4% 득표.
2022년 총선에서 마리오 드라기의 전국 대연정 정부로부터 분리한 후, '이탈리아 형제당'은 26%를 득표함.


Now, as the only major party to have stayed out of Mario Draghi's national unity coalition government, Brothers of Italy have won around 26% of the vote, and her right-wing alliance with Silvio Berlusconi and the far-right League party of the former Interior Minister Matteo Salvini is set for a parliamentary majority.

Giorgia Meloni, President of Brothers of Italy party, Silvio Berlusconi, Leader of Italian right-wing party Forza Italia (Go Italy) and Northern League leader Matteo Salvini pose upon arrival at the Tempio di Adriano in Rome on March 1, 2018
IMAGE SOURCE,GETTY IMAGES
Image caption,


Giorgia Meloni is hoping to form a right-wing government with Silvio Berlusconi (C) and Matteo Salvini
But even as she has sought to reassure Italy's Western allies by, for example, strongly supporting the pro-Ukraine line of the Draghi government, her hard-line conservative social policies are worrying many.


"Yes to the natural family, no to LGBT lobbies!" she thundered at a recent rally of Spain's far-right Vox party. She has called for a naval blockade of Libya to stop migrant boats.


"Meloni is not a danger to democracy, but a danger to the European Union," says Prof Passarelli, who puts her in the same mould as nationalist leaders in Hungary and France.


"She's on the same side as Marine Le Pen or Viktor Orban. And she wants a 'Europe of nations', so everyone is basically alone. Italy could become the Trojan horse of Putin to undermine solidarity, so she would enable him to continue weakening Europe."


Bidding to become Italy's first ever woman prime minister she has asserted her female identity, but, Prof Passarelli believes, in a macho, political way: "The dominance of the Italian family is the 'mamma'. She's the macho figure who controls the kitchen. Meloni uses that smartly because it goes directly to the core of our system."

조지아 멜로니는 자신이 여성임을 강조.
파사렐리 교수 논평 (Passarelli) "이탈리아 가족의 지배는 '엄마 맘마'이다. 부엌을 통제하는 마초가 바로 엄마이다. 조지아 멜로니는 이것을 아주 영리하게 이용하고 있다. 왜냐하면 이것이야말로 이탈리아 체제의 핵심부를 향하고 있기 때문이다."
파사렐리 교수가 논평한 조지아 멜로니. 그의 정치적 입장은 '보수적 이탈리아 시민사회'를 강화시킬 것이다.

For her allies, she would represent the radical political shift that Italy needs, given its long economic stagnation and a society seen as a gerontocracy.

"I feel great, like a father leading his daughter to the altar," says Marco Marsilio. "We wouldn't have founded the party unless we thought she had the potential for this."

What does he plan to tell her once the prosecco corks at her party HQ have popped?

"Go for it!", he answers. "We all wanted this so much. Now face the music."


Posted at 11:5511:55
Meloni's latest controversies
Laura Gozzi

BBC News Live Reporter

As the election campaign heated up in recent weeks, Giorgia Meloni came under fire on more than one occasion.

In August, Meloni shared a video on social media showing a man sexually assaulting a woman in the street in the northern city of Piacenza. It later emerged that the man was an asylum seeker from Guinea.

Meloni's decision to tweet the video was heavily criticised by feminist activists and centre-left politicians - not least because she shared it without the victim's consent, but also because Meloni accompanied the video with a caption promising a much tougher approach to immigration. The video was later removed by Twitter.

Then, earlier this month in Genova, Meloni shared her stance on abortion, denying she plans to abolish or modify Italy's 1978 abortion law: "We want to give women who think abortion is the only option the right to make a different choice. We are not removing rights, we're adding to them," she said. Meloni said she would move the focus on prevention, but did not elaborate further.

Members of her party have spoken out against prevention methods such as sex education in schools in the past. The Brothers of Italy manifesto said it would create a fund to help single women with limited financial means to bring the pregnancy to term.

And last week, Meloni's party Brothers of Italy suspended one of its candidates after he was found to have praised Adolf Hitler in online posts.

Calogero Pisano, a party co-ordinator in Agrigento, Sicily, compared party leader Giorgia Meloni to "a great statesman of 70 years ago".

He added that he was referring to a "German" and not war-time fascist dictator Benito Mussolini. He was swiftly dismissed.


Posted at 11:4311:43
How far right is Meloni's party?


Paul Kirby

Europe digital editor, reporting from Rome

Giorgia Meloni, leader of the Fratelli d'Italia (Brothers of Italy) speaks at a press conference at the party electoral headquarters overnight, on September 26, 2022


The party's flame symbol is seen as an emblem of Italy's post-war far rightImage caption: The party's flame symbol is seen as an emblem of Italy's post-war far right

Giorgia Meloni may have toned down her rhetoric ahead of this election, but a hard core of her Brothers of Italy party remains distinctly extreme. In the run-up to the election, the party suspended a party official for praising Adolf Hitler on social media.

Meloni utterly rejects any link to fascism, but as a teenager she was herself part of the youth wing of a neo-fascist movement created after World War Two by supporters of dead fascist dictator Benito Mussolini.

Brothers of Italy - Fratelli d'Italia - has its roots in that movement and Meloni still embraces an old slogan adopted by Mussolini's fascists: "God, fatherland and family."

"They are a xenophobic party; they are against migration and they are against any rights for the LGBT community," says Prof Leila Simona Talani of King's College London. They are also ultra-conservative on women's social rights, and Meloni has spoken out against "Islamist violence", she says.

The question is whether the party will remain far right. Prof Roberto D'Alimonte of Luiss-Guido Carli university believes this is uncharted territory, in which Italy will for the first time be headed by a woman, and one from the far right too.

"The hard core of the party is still far right and yet the new voters who voted for Meloni yesterday are not - so it really will depend on Meloni to change the party."