치매( 癡呆) 대체 단어. dementia 디멘셔 - 인지력 축소증 (認知力 縮小症) 인지력 축소 증후

대선과 지방선거에서 가장 중요한 '공적 행복' 주제들 중, 시대정신을 표현한 단어는 '몸 (body)'이다. 몸에 대한 '정치철학적, 사회학적, 의학적', 예술적' 접근이 필요하다.

 

예를들면, 알츠하이머, 혹은 잘못된 '비속어'지만 '치매'에 대한 진보정당의 입장과 대안은 무엇인가?

 

dementia '디멘셔'를 일본인들이 '치매 癡呆 (어리석을 치, 어리석을 매'라고 번역했는데, 이 단어를 들을 때마다 적확한 '단어'가 아니라는 생각을 하게 됨.

 

최근 일본도 '인지증'이라고 병명을 바꿈.

 

인지력 축소증 (認知力 縮小症)이 우리 명사 단어에 적합할 것 같다. 디멘셔 영어 단어 뜻을 우리말로 가장 잘 표현하는 단어가 "인지력 축소증"이다.

 

기억능력이 훼손당하고, 언어구사능력 감퇴(실어증), 복잡한 행동을 하거나 계획을 수립하는 일 등, 한가지가 아니라 두가지 이상의 인지능력을 구사하기 힘들어질 때, 그래서 과거 자기가 해오던 일상 생활이 힘들어질 때, 그걸 가리켜 '디멘셔'라고 한다.

 

그 인지능력 결핍이 점점 더 악화되면서 '전개'되는 과정을 표현하는 단어가 필요함.

 

따라서 "인지능력'이 점차 점차 줄어든다는 의미를 살린 명사가 필요. "

 

인지능력 축소증", "인지력 축소증", "인지력 축소 증후" 등이 제일 적합할 것이다.

 

연관 글. https://bit.ly/2YujLrx

MBC 치매 예방이 시급하다. 한국 치매 인구 72만에서 271만 2050년

 

연관글. https://bit.ly/2P0XyNv

2025년이 되면 한국에서 65세 노인은 1천만명이 넘어서고, 그 중 10%는 치매환자 (*치매 용어->개정

 

 

관련 링크 - https://www.webmd.com/alzheimers/diagnose-dementia

How Is Dementia Diagnosed?

 

What Is Dementia?

 

 

  

 

Dementia is a broad term that describes a loss of thinking ability, memory, attention, logical reasoning, and other mental abilities. These changes are severe enough to interfere with social or occupational functioning.

 

Many things can cause dementia. It happens when the parts of your brain used for learning, memory, decision making, and language are damaged or diseased.

 

You might also hear it called major neurocognitive disorder. Dementia isn’t a disease. Instead, it's a group of symptoms caused by other conditions.

 

About 5%-8% of adults over age 65 have some form of dementia. This percentage doubles every 5 years after 65. As many as half of people in their 80s have some dementia.

 

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. Between 60%-80% of people with dementia have Alzheimer's. But there are as many as 50 other causes of dementia.

 

Dementia symptoms may improve with treatment. But many of the diseases that cause dementia aren't curable.

 

Types of Dementia

These forms of dementia are partially manageable, but they aren't reversible:

 

Alzheimer's disease

Vascular dementia

Dementia from Parkinson's disease and similar disorders

Dementia with Lewy bodies

Frontotemporal dementia (Pick's disease)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Dementia can be split into two groups based on which part of the brain is affected.

 

Cortical dementias happen because of problems in the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain. They play a critical role in memory and language. People with these types of dementia usually have severe memory loss and can't remember words or understand language. Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are two forms of cortical dementia.

 

Subcortical dementias happen because of problems in the parts of the brain beneath the cortex. People with subcortical dementias tend to show changes in their speed of thinking and ability to start activities. Usually, people with subcortical dementia don't have forgetfulness and language problems. Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and HIV can cause these types of dementia.

 

Some types of dementia affect both parts of the brain. For example, Lewy Body dementia is both cortical and subcortical.

 

Dementia vs. Other Types of Memory Loss

Dementia is not temporary confusion or forgetfulness that might result from an infection that heals without treatment. It can also come from an underlying illness or side effects of medications. Dementia typically gets worse over time.

 

Causes of Dementia

The most common causes of dementia include:

 

Degenerative neurological diseases. These include:

 

Alzheimer's disease

Parkinson's disease

Huntington's disease

Some types of multiple sclerosis.

These diseases get worse over time.

 

Vascular disorders. These conditions affect the blood circulation in your brain.

 

Traumatic brain injuries caused by car accidents, falls, concussions, etc.

Infections of the central nervous system. These include meningitis, HIV, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Long-time alcohol or drug use

Certain types of hydrocephalus, a buildup of fluid in the brain

Some reversible causes of dementia include:

 

Alcohol or substance use disorder

Tumors

Subdural hematomas, blood clots beneath the outer covering of the brain

Normal-pressure hydrocephalus, a buildup of fluid in the brain

Metabolic disorders such as a vitamin B12 deficiency

Low levels of thyroid hormones, called hypothyroidism

Low blood sugar, called hypoglycemia

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND)

Risk Factors for Dementia

Certain physical and lifestyle factors can raise your chances of dementia,  including:

 

Age

Dementia in your family

Illnesses including diabetes, Down syndrome, multiple sclerosis, heart disease, and sleep apnea

Depression

Smoking, heavy alcohol use, poor diet, and lack of exercise

Brain injury

Strokes

Infection of the brain (for example, meningitis and syphilis)

Symptoms of Dementia

People with dementia have problems with thinking and remembering that affect their ability to manage their daily life.

 

These are some signs to watch for:

 

Short-term memory problems, like forgetting where you put something or asking the same question over and over

Communication problems like not being able to come up with a word

Getting lost

Trouble with complex but familiar tasks, like fixing a meal or paying bills

Personality changes, like depression, agitation, paranoia, and mood swings

Stages of Dementia

Usually, dementia goes through these stages. But it may vary depending on the area of the brain that’s affected.

 

1. No impairment. Someone at this stage will show no symptoms, but tests may reveal a problem.

 

2. Very mild decline. You may notice slight changes in behavior, but your loved one will still be independent.

 

3. Mild decline. You'll notice more changes in their thinking and reasoning. They may have trouble making plans, and they may repeat themselves a lot. They may also have a hard time remembering recent events.

 

4. Moderate decline. They'll have more problems with making plans and remembering recent events. They may have a hard time with traveling and handling money.

 

5. Moderately severe decline. They may not remember their phone number or their grandchildren's names. They may be confused about the time of day or day of the week. At this point, they’ll need assistance with some basic day-to-day functions, such as picking out clothes to wear.

 

6. Severe decline. They'll begin to forget the name of their spouse. They’ll need help going to the restroom and eating. You may also see changes in their personality and emotions.

 

7. Very severe decline. They can no longer speak their thoughts. They can't walk and will spend most of their time in bed.

 

Dementia Diagnosis

The doctor will review the patient's history and perform a physical exam and cognitive testing. Further testing might happen depending on the history and physical.

 

This testing might include:

 

Blood and urine tests

Chest X-ray

Brain scanning (MRI or CT scanning)

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Spinal fluid analysis

They use certain criteria to diagnose dementia. These include:

 

impairment of attention

Orientation

Memory

Judgment

Language, motor, and spatial skills and function. (By definition, dementia is not due to major depression or schizophrenia.)

Dementia Treatments

To treat dementia, doctors will treat whatever is causing it. About 20% of the causes of dementia are reversible. If the cause of a person’s dementia is not reversible, treatment will focus on managing symptoms, particularly agitation and other emotional concerns.

 

Aducanumab-avwa (Aduhelm) is the first drug approved by the FDA to treat Alzheimer's disease in decades. If your loved one is in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, their doctor may prescribe this monthly infusion. It's a monoclonal antibody that lessens the buildup of things called amyloid plaques in your brain. These plaques are part of what leads to the memory loss associated with Alzheimer's disease.

 

Medicines such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (for example, donepezil and galantamine) can sometimes help to slow the progression of cognitive changes, but quite often the effects of medicines are only modest and cannot prevent eventual worsening of the underlying condition.

 

WebMD Medical Reference