집개 강아지의 기원, 1만 5천년전 중앙아시아. 야생 개는 100만년 전

October 19, 2015 at 6:43pm · 

집 강아지 역사 추적/ 강아지들이 1 만 5 천 년 전에 중앙 아시아에서 나왔다.

우리가 기르고 있는 개 조상이 몽고나 네팔 등 중앙아시아 지역에서 전 세계로 퍼진 것이라고 한다.

많은 이들도 그렇겠지만 제일 좋아하는 동물이 개다. 집개 말고 야생 개는 적어도 100만년 전에 지구상에 왔을 것이라고 추측.

 

기사 요약-

개 표본 조사 (1) 3 8개 국가 (2) 549 동네 (3) 161종류 (4) 4 500 마리

-DNA 3 종류 분석

- 결론: 현재 지구상 강아지들의 원류는 중앙아시아이다. 

- 다른 가능성 : 타 지역에서 집강아지로 길들여져서 중앙아시아로 이주해 온 다음, 타지역으로 확산될 가능성은 있음. 

- 향후 연구과제; 현재 강아지들 DNA 와 과거 강아지들 디엔이와 비교해야 한다. 

- 이번 연구 : 수컷 Y 염색채, 미토콘드리아 분석했다. 

- 3 8개 국가에서 어떻게 강아지들 피를 추출했는가? 연구자들이 개밥을 주니까 강아지들이 와서 헌혈에 동참했다. 

-- 하물며 인간이야 어떠하겠는가? 야단치더라도 밥은 줘야한다.

15,000 Years Ago, Probably in Asia, the Dog Was Born

By JAMES GORMANOCT. 19, 2015

Farmers playing with their dog in China's Inner Mongolia. A study says Central Asia is the best candidate as the point of origin for the modern dog. Credit Qiu Pan/European Pressphoto Agency

Where do dogs come from?

Gray wolves are their ancestors. Scientists are pretty consistent about that. And researchers have suggested that dogs’ origins can be traced to Europe, the Near East, Siberia and South China.

Central Asia is the newest and best candidate, according to a large study of dogs from around the world.

Laura M. Shannon and Adam R. Boyko at Cornell University, and an international group of other scientists, studied not only purebred dogs, but also street or village dogs — the free-ranging scavengers that make up about 75 percent of the planet’s one billion dogs.

Dr. Shannon analyzed three different kinds of DNA, Dr. Boyko said, the first time this has been done for such a large and diverse group of dogs, more than 4,500 dogs of 161 breeds and 549 village dogs from 38 countries. That allowed the researchers to determine which geographic groups of modern dogs were closest to ancestral populations genetically. And that led them to Central Asia as the place of origin for dogs in much the same way that genetic studies have located the origin of modern humans in East Africa.

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The analysis, Dr. Boyko said, pointed to Central Asia, including Mongolia and Nepal, as the place where “all the dogs alive today” come from. The data did not allow precise dating of the origin, he said, but showed it occurred at least 15,000 years ago. They reported their findings Monday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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Greger Larson of Oxford University, who is leading an international effort to analyze ancient DNA from fossilized bones, said he was impressed by the scope of the study. “It’s really great to see not just the sheer number of street dogs, but also the geographic breadth and the number of remote locations where the dogs were sampled,” he said. He also praised the sampling of different kinds of DNA and the analytic methods.

But in the world of dog studies, very little is definitive. The most recent common ancestor of today’s dogs lived in Central Asia, Dr. Boyko said, although he cannot rule out the possibility that some dogs could have been domesticated elsewhere and died out. Or dogs domesticated elsewhere could have gone to Central Asia from somewhere else and then diversified into all the canines alive today, he said.

Dr. Larson, who was not involved with the study, said he thought the Central Asia finding required further testing. He said he suspected that the origins of modern dogs were “extremely messy” and that no amount of sampling of living populations would be definitive. He said a combination of studies of modern and ancient DNA was necessary.

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Dr. Boyko said the research for the first time studied three sources of DNA from purebred and village dogs worldwide. The team analyzed DNA from all the chromosomes in the cell nucleus, from the Y chromosome specifically, found only in males, and from mitochondria, cellular energy machines outside the nucleus that are inherited from the mother.

Dr. Boyko traveled to a number of the locations where blood was drawn from village dogs. He said: “The great thing about working with dogs is that if you show up with food you don’t usually have trouble recruiting subjects. Usually.”

He added: “We showed up in Puerto Rico at a fishing village and the dogs turned up their noses at roast beef sandwiches. They were used to eating fish entrails.”