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정책비교/생태-녹색

민주당, 탈원전 정책 후퇴 발언. (이언주) . 유럽연합 전략생산에서 재생에너지 47% 차지, 한국은 9.6%. 석탄 31.4% LGN 26.8% 의존도 높고, 원자력 30.7%.

by 원시 2025. 2. 19.


민주당 이언주가 '민주당은 더이상 탈원전 기조를 유지하지 않고 있다'고 발언. 

유럽연합 전략생산에서 재생에너지 47% 차지, 한국은 9.6%이고, 유럽연합 핵발전 비중은 24%, 한국은 30.7%라는 점을 감안하면, 탈원전 기조를 더 유지해야하는 게 올바른 방향임.

 

 

1. 유럽연합 전기생산에서 재생에너지가 차지하는 비중이 47%, 화석연료 26%, 핵발전 24% (2024년 기준) 

태양에너지 생산력 증가. 2023년에 비해 2024년 22% 생산량 증가.  태양광 에너지가 전력생산에서 차지하는 비중이 11%로, 석탄의 10%를 최초 추월 

 

2. 한국의 경우 재생에너지 9.6% (2023년 기준) 

에너지원별 발전량 현황 2023년 원자력 30.7, 석탄 31.4, LNG 26.8, 재생 9.6

 

 

 

https://www.index.go.kr/unity/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd=1339

 

지표서비스 | e-나라지표

신재생에너지 (New & Renewable) : 원자력 및 화석에너지를 대체하는 친환경적 에너지로서 신에너지와 재생에너지로 구분 * 신에너지의 종류 : 연료전지(수소) 등 * 재생에너지의 종류 : 수력, 풍력,

www.index.go.kr

 

 

 

 

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Europe posts record year for clean energy use as Trump pulls US toward fossil fuels

 

By  SIBI ARASU

Updated 4:09 AM GMT-5, January 23, 2025

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A record 47% of the European Union’s electricity now comes from solar and other renewables, a report Thursday said, in yet another sign of the growing gap between the bloc’s push for clean energy and the new U.S. administration’s pursuit of more fossil fuels.

 

Nearly three-quarters of the EU’s electricity doesn’t emit planet-warming gases into the air — with 24% of electricity in the bloc coming from nuclear power which also doesn’t release greenhouse gases, a report released by the climate energy think tank Ember found. This is far higher than in countries like the United States and China, where nearly two-thirds of their energy is still produced from carbon-polluting fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas.

 

 

 

Experts say they’re encouraged by Europe’s fossil fuel reductions, particularly as the U.S. looks set to increase its emissions as its new president pledges cheaper gas prices, has halted leases for wind projects and pledged to revoke Biden-era incentives for electric vehicles.

 

“Fossil fuels are losing their grip on EU energy,” said Chris Rosslowe, an energy expert at Ember. In 2024, solar power generated 11% of EU electricity, overtaking coal which fell below 10% for the first time. Clean wind power generated more electricity than gas for the second year in a row.

 

Solar panels operate near a burned forest in Acharnes suburb, on Mount Parnitha, in northwestern Athens, Greece, Aug. 27, 2023. (AP Photo/Michael Varaklas, File)

 

 

2024 data wasn’t available for all countries. Ember’s data for the world’s largest generators of electricity for 2023 show Brazil with the largest share of its electricity from renewables, almost 89%, with much of that coming from hydroelectric power. Canada had about 66.5%, China 30.6%, France 26.5%, the U.S. 22.7% and India 19.5%.

 

Green policies and war drive clean energy growth

 

One reason for Europe’s clean power transition moving at pace is the European Green Deal, an ambitious policy passed in 2019 that paved the way for climate laws to be updated. As a result of the deal, the EU made their targets more ambitious, aiming to cut 55% of the region’s emissions by the end of the decade. The policy also aims to make Europe climate neutral — reducing the amount of additional emissions in the air to practically zero — by 2050.

 

Hundreds of regulations and directives in European countries to incentivize investment in clean energy and reduce carbon pollution have been passed or are in the process of being ratified across Europe.

 

“At the start of the Deal, renewables were a third and fossil fuels accounted for 39% of Europe’s electricity,” Rosslowe said. “Now fossils generate only 29% and wind and solar have been driving the clean energy transition.” The amount of electricity generated by nuclear energy has remained relatively stable in the bloc.

 

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has also spurred the move to clean energy in Europe. Gas prices skyrocketed — with much of Europe’s gas coming from Russia becoming unviable — forcing countries to look for cheaper, cleaner alternatives. Portugal, Netherlands and Estonia witnessed the highest increase in clean power in the last five years.

 

A floating solar farm operates on the Cottbuser Ostsee lake near Cottbus, Germany, Oct. 16, 2024. (AP Photo/Matthias Schrader, File)

 

Europe cements its place as a clean energy leader

The transition to clean power helped Europe avoid more than $61 billion worth of fossil fuel imports for generating electricity since 2019.

 

“This is sending a clear message that their energy needs are going to be met through clean power, not gas imports,” said Pieter de Pous, a Brussels-based energy analyst at European think tank E3G. De Pous said the EU’s origins were “as a community of coal and steel because those industries were so important,” but it is now rapidly becoming a “community of solar and wind power, batteries and smart technologies.”

 

Nuclear growth in the bloc, meanwhile, has slowed. Across the European Union, retirements of nuclear plants have outpaced new construction since around the mid-2000s, according to Global Energy Monitor.

 

As President Trump has pulled the United States out of the Paris Agreement aimed at curbing warming and is pursuing a “drill, baby, drill” energy policy, Rosslowe said the EU’s leadership in clean power becomes all the more important. “It’s about increasing European energy independence, and it’s about showing this climate leadership,” he said.

 

On Tuesday, EU chief Ursula von der Leyen said: “Europe will stay the course, and keep working with all nations that want to protect nature and stop global warming.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

Key takeaways

01

Solar overtakes coal

Solar was the fastest growing EU power source in 2024; capacity additions hit a record high and generation was 22% higher than in 2023. Solar (11%, 304 TWh) overtook coal (10%, 269 TWh) for the first time in 2024, meaning coal has fallen from being the third largest EU power source in 2019 to the sixth largest in 2024. This trend is widespread; solar is growing in every EU country, while coal is becoming increasingly marginal. More than half of EU countries either have no coal power or a share below 5% in their power mix. Accelerated clean flexibility and smart electrification are needed to sustain solar growth.

태양에너지 생산력 증가. 2023년에 비해 2024년 22% 생산량 증가.  태양광 에너지가 전력생산에서 차지하는 비중이 11%로, 석탄의 10%를 최초 추월 

 

02

Gas declined five years in a row

Gas power generation declined for the fifth year in a row – despite a small rebound in electricity demand. Combined with another coal decline, this cut total power sector emissions in 2024 to below half of their 2007 peak. This sustained decline has played a key role in reducing total EU gas consumption by 20% in the past five years: about a third of this decline occurred in the power sector. Without wind and solar added in 2024, EU gas consumption for power would have been 11% higher.

 

03

Wind and solar avoided €59 billion in fossil fuel imports since start of Green Deal

In five years of the European Green Deal, a surge in wind and solar generation is the main reason for declining fossil generation. Without wind and solar capacity added since 2019, the EU would have imported 92 billion cubic metres more of fossil gas and 55 million tonnes more of hard coal, costing €59 billion. To maximise future benefits, Member States must continue to implement reforms to accelerate wind power deployment, as delivery currently risks falling short despite cost competitiveness.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

한국 9.67%  (2023년)

 

개념 정의  (신-재생에너지) 

 

총발전량 중 신·재생에너지발전량의 비율임. 재생에너지에 대해 국제적으로 합의된 정의는 없으며, 통계 기준도 나라마다 다름. 한국에서는 관련 법률에 따라 ‘기존의 화석연료를 변환시켜 이용하거나 햇빛, 물, 지열 등 재생가능한 에너지를 변환시켜 이용하는 에너지’로 정의하고 있음. 신·재생에너지는 신에너지로 분류되는 수소에너지, 연료전지, 석탄액화가스화에너지, 중질잔사유가스화에너지와 재생에너지로 분류되는 태양에너지, 풍력, 바이오에너지, 폐기물에너지, 지열, 수력, 해양에너지 등 총 11개 에너지를 포함함.

석유를 바탕으로 한 에너지 이용의 확대는 산업발전과 경제성장이라는 성과를 내기도 했지만 그에 못지않은 부작용도 낳았다. 각종 환경문제를 포함하여 국내, 국제 간 불평등을 심화시켜 왔다. 에너지 사용의 근본적인 변화 없이는 지속가능한 발전이 불가능한 상황이다. 띠라서 석유에 의존한 현재의 에너지 구조를 전환하기 위해서는 재생에너지 비율을 높여야 한다.

총발전량 대비 신·재생에너지발전량의 비중은 2001년 0.04%에 불과하였으나 2003년 1.56%로 증가하였다. 이는 신·재생에너지발전량이 실질적으로 늘어났다기보다 2003년부터 수력을 신·재생에너지 통계로 집계하였기 때문이다. 신·재생에너지 시설용량은 꾸준한 증가세를 유지하고 있다. 

 

2002년에 도입한 ‘발전차액보전제도’와 이 제도 대신 2012년부터 도입한 ‘신·재생에너지 의무할당제(RPS)’의 시행으로 신·재생에너지 발전시설용량이 늘어났다. 신·재생에너지의 시설용량이 늘어나면서 발전량도 늘어났지만 총발전량이 지속적으로 증가함에 따라 그 비중은 크게 증가하지 않았다. 다만 ‘발전차액보전제도’ 시행 마지막 해인 2011년에는 신·재생에너지 발전시설이 급격히 늘어났으며, 이후 2012년에는 RPS 도입으로 발전사들이 자사의 생산 전력 일부를 신·재생에너지로 생산해야 함에 따라 신·재생에너지 이용이 확대되었다. 그 결과 신·재생에너지의 발전 비중이 2011년에 3%를 넘게 되었고 2023년에는 9.67%에 이르게 되었다.

신·재생에너지(new and renewable energy)는 한국에서만 사용되는 개념이다. 국제적으로는 재생에너지(renewable energy)로 통용된다. 

 

OECD에서 사용하는 재생에너지에는 태양, 바람, 물, 생물유기체(biomass), 해양에너지와 생분해가 가능한 폐기물에너지가 포함되는데, 말 그대로 재생가능하고 환경친화적인 에너지를 일컫는다. 하지만 한국의 신·재생에너지에는 국제 기준의 재생에너지로 분류될 수 없는 것들이 많이 포함되어 있다. 석탄액화 및 가스화 에너지와 화석연료 기반의 폐기물에너지는 재생가능하지 않고 환경친화성도 높지 않으며, 수소는 생산에 에너지가 투입되기 때문에 에너지가 아니라 에너지 전달자(energy carrier)라 할 수 있다. 또한 연료전지는 에너지가 아니라 에너지를 사용하는 기기이다.

국제 기준에 따라 주요 국가들의 1차에너지 대비 재생에너지 비율을 비교해 보면, 2023년 기준 한국(2.6%)은 독일(19.6%), 이탈리아(19.2%), 영국(14.8%), 프랑스(13.6%), 호주(9.8%), 미국(8.4%), 일본(7.8%) 등 다른 선진국들과 현격한 차이를 나타낸다. 국내에서 사용하고 있는 신·재생에너지 기준으로 비교해도 가장 낮은 수준이다.

관련용어


발전차액보존제도(FIT: Feed-in-Tariff)


화석에너지 발전원에서 신재생에너지원으로 발전연료를 전환하여 발전 부문에서 온실가스를 감축하고자 하는 시도에서 설계된 정책. 신·재생에너지원으로 공급된 전력에 대하여 생산가격과 전력거래가격 간의 차액을 정부의 전력산업기반기금으로 보전해 주는 제도.


신·재생에너지 의무할당제(RPS:Renewable Energy Portfolio)


일정 규모 이상의 발전사업자에게 총 발전량 중 일정량 이상을 신·재생에너지 전력으로 공급하도록 의무화하는 제도임. 발전차액지원제도를 운영하는 과정에서 막대한 정부 재정이 투입되어야 하는 문제점을 해결하고 신·재생에너지 보급·확산에 보다 효과적인 정책수단 발굴 필요성에 기초하여 신·재생에너지공급의무화제도를 설계함.


생물유기체(biomass)


에너지원으로 이용되는 식물, 미생물 등의 생물체.


석탄액화가스화에너지
석탄을 액화 및 가스화하여 얻어지는 에너지로, 다른 화합물과 혼합되지 않은 에너지.


중질잔사유가스화에너지
중질잔사유를 가스화한 공정에서 얻어지는 연료를 연소 또는 변환하여 얻어지는 에너지. 중질잔사유란 원유를 정제하고 남은 최종 잔재물로 감압증류 과정에서 나오는 감압잔사유, 아스팔트와 열분해 공정에서 나오는 코크, 타르 및 피치를 일컬음.


양수발전
전력 수요가 낮은 심야 시간대의 값싼 전력을 이용하여 낮은 위치의 댐, 저수지 및 하천의 물을 상부 댐 또는 특정 부지로 끌어 올려 저장해두었다가 전력 수요가 최대에 이르는 시간대에 발전을 하여 전력을 공급함으로써 전력망의 전력 수요 일부를 담당케 하여 전력망 전체의 효율을 향상시키고 경제성을 높이는 발전기술.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

이언주 “민주당, 더 이상 탈원전 기조 유지 안 해”
입력 2025.02.19 (20:25)
수정 2025.02.19 (20:47)

요약

더불어민주당 최고위원인 이언주 의원은 “민주당이 더 이상 탈원전 기조를 유지하고 있지 않다”고 말했습니다.

이 의원은 오늘(19일) 국회 산업통상자원중소벤처기업위원회 전체회의 의사진행발언을 통해 “민주당이 교섭단체 대표연설에서도 에너지 자립과 안보를 천명한 바 있고, SMR(소형모듈원자로) 연구개발 예산도 인정한 바 있다”며 이같이 밝혔습니다.

이 의원은 다만 “대형 원전에 대한 주민의 수용성 문제라든가 안전성에 대한 철저한 검증, 윤석열 정권 들어 지나친 원전 진흥과 재생에너지 축소 등 에너지 포트폴리오 분산에 균형을 잃은 부분은 당연히 우리가 견제하고 지적해야 할 사항이라고 생각한다”고 말했습니다.

이어 “지금 보면 원전(비율)은 30%가 넘고 재생에너지는 10%에 못 미치는 반면, 석탄과 화석연료는 60%가 넘는 실정이기 때문에 에너지 자립을 위해서라도 균형을 맞추기 위해 노력해야 한다”고 강조했습니다.

이 의원은 또 “우파 에너지, 좌파 에너지가 따로 있을 수 없다고 생각한다”며 “대한민국은 섬처럼 되어 있는 나라이기 때문에 에너지 자립을 위해 모두가 노력해야 한다고 생각한다”고 말했습니다.

그러면서 “SMR이라든지 MMR(10메가와트 이하 원자로), 더 나아가서 핵융합 에너지 등 미래 전략산업의 육성을 위해 만전을 기해야 한다”고 덧붙였습니다.

[사진 출처 : 연합뉴스 / 이언주 의원실 제공]

 

https://news.kbs.co.kr/news/pc/view/view.do?ncd=8180596

 

이언주 “민주당, 더 이상 탈원전 기조 유지 안 해”

더불어민주당 최고위원인 이언주 의원은 “민주당이 더 이상 탈원전 기조를 유지하고 있지 않다”고 말했습니...

news.kbs.co.kr

 

 

2.

 

전 세계 신재생에너지 발전량 30% 초과...국내는 9% 그쳐
기자명 이유선 기자   입력 2024.05.09 14:58  
지난해 전 세계 재생 가능 에너지가 전체 발전량의 30%를 넘어섰다.

영국 싱크탱크 엠버는 8일(현지시간) 보고서를 통해 2023년 세계 총 발전량은 약 30조 킬로와트시(Kwh)라고 발표했다.

그 중 재생 에너지는 30.3%를 차지했다.. 구체적으로 수력이 14.3%, 태양광 5.5%, 풍력 7.8%, 바이오에너지 2.4%, 기타 재생 에너지 0.3% 순이었다.

국내는 그 절반도 안 되는 9.22%로 세계 평균의 3분의 1에도 미치지 못했다.

2022년 통계청 자료 기준으로 태양광 42.1%, 바이오 27.8%, 재생폐기물 8%, 연료전지 7.3%, 수력 4.8%, 풍력 4.6%로 기록됐다. 태양광과 연료전지의 경우, 2017년과 비교해 생산량이 3배나 증가했다.

일본은 약 24%로 평균에 조금 못 미쳤다. 수력이 7.3%, 태양광이 10.9%, 풍력이 0.9%, 바이오에너지가 4.8%를 기록했다.

하지만 국가 보조금 지원으로 지난 10년 간 태양광 보급을 급속도로 확장해 세계 평균의 두배를 달성했다. 반면, 풍력은 거의 증가하지 않았다.

앰버는 보고서를 통해 "태양광과 풍력 증가에 힘입어, 화석 연료 발전의 감소가 새로운 시대를 열고 있다"라고 설명했다.

이유선 기자 energy@aiitmes.com