미접촉 원주민 생존권. (질병, 인종차별, 외부인 폭력)으로부터 보호 필요. 세계 100개 미접촉 원주민 부족에게 '토지'와 '자율권한'이 가장 중요.

1. 현황. 지구상에 100개가 넘는 외부와 미접촉 원주민 부족들이 존재한다.  이들은 주로 브라질 아마존, 인도네시아, 인도양에서 차코 밀림 등에 살고 있다.

 

2. 정치적 주제.

 

외부인이 원주민의 거주지를 강탈하고 죽이는 이유. 땅과 자원 개발.

 

3. 범죄

 

원주민이 거주하는 땅과 자원을 강탈하는 외부인들이 폭력적으로 원주민들을 축출하거나 죽였다. 특히 원주민들은 외부 침입자들 때문에 발생한 감기 홍역과 같은 질병들 때문에 사망하기도 했다.

 

4. 다양한 인간의 문화의 관점에서 미접촉 원주민의 생활을 해석해야 한다.

 

'아와 Awa' 부족은 마카란두바 나무의 송진을 사용해  '불'을 만들어 밤에 사냥을 하거나, 집에 '등불'로 사용한다.

이들은 덩굴식물인 리아나스(lianas), 나뭇잎, 통나무를 이용해 몇 시간 만에 집을 만드는 기술도 갖추고 있다.

카와히바 (Kawahiva) 부족은 정교한 사다리를 만들어 벌꿀을 채취하고, 덫으로 물고기를 잡기도 한다. 

 

5. 자연에 대한 지식.

 

미접촉 원주민들의 밀림의 식물과 동물에 대한 지식을 습득하고 있고, 지속가능한 삶에 대한 독특한 해법을 보유하고 있다.

 

미접촉 원주민들이 가지고 있는 지식은 이 밀림 숲 속에서 수 천년 살아오면서 쌓은 것이다. 현대 서방 세계에서 사용되는 '제약품'들 중 상당수는 이 원주민들로부터 비롯되었고, 수백만 사람들의 목숨을 구해냈다. 

 

6. 미접촉 원주민들이 외부와 교류를 할 것인가 말 것인가는 그들이 자율적으로 알아서 결정할 문제이고, 

이들의 생존터전인 '토지'를 뺏어서는 안된다. 

 

7. 미접촉 원주민 학살 사례.

 

광산, 철도, 댐 공사 등, '더 위대한 카라자쉬  Carajas 프로젝트'로 인해, 유례없는 침략과 폭력이 발생했고, 특히 아마존 북동쪽, 미접촉 원주민 '아와 Awa' 부족이 학살당했다.  

 

 

 

 

 

Uncontacted Tribes

 

An uncontacted tribe in Brazil seen from the air during a Brazilian government expedition in 2010

 

 

 

© G.Miranda/FUNAI/Survival

 

https://bit.ly/3ephrKl

Uncontacted Tribes - Survival International

 

There are more than one hundred uncontacted tribes around the world

 

Uncontacted tribes are Indigenous peoples who avoid all contact with outsiders. They’re not backward and primitive relics of a remote past, they are our contemporaries and a vitally important part of humankind’s diversity.

 

Where their rights are respected, they continue to thrive. But their survival is under threat from violence, disease and racism.

 

 

 

 

There are more than 100 uncontacted tribes around the world, from the Amazon to Indonesia, from the Indian Ocean to the Chaco forest.There are more than 100 uncontacted tribes around the world, from the Amazon to Indonesia, from the Indian Ocean to the Chaco forest. © Survival

 

 

 지구상에 100개가 넘는 외부와 미접촉 원주민 부족들이 존재한다.  이들은 주로 브라질 아마존, 인도네시아, 인도양에서 차코 밀림 등에 살고 있다.

 

 

Guardians

 

 

Tanaru Indigenous Territory, Brazil (home to the man known as "The last of his tribe" or "The man of the hole"

"

© Survival International

 

 

Tribal peoples are the best guardians of the natural world, and evidence proves that tribal territories are the best barrier to deforestation.

 

This image shows the land of an uncontacted tribe as an island of green forest in a sea of deforestation (the orange line is the territory’s border). It is home to the “Last of his Tribe”, a lone man who’s the last survivor of his people, who were probably massacred by cattle ranchers occupying their land.

 

 

The best way to prevent the destruction of the Amazon rainforest is to campaign for the land rights of uncontacted tribes.

 

  

 

 

Genocide

 

Whole populations of uncontacted tribes are being wiped out by genocidal violence from outsiders who steal their land and resources, and by diseases like flu and measles to which they have no resistance.

 

 

 

https://youtu.be/pAdv5uEBjVg

 

 

 

 

 

They killed my mother, my brothers and sisters, and my wife.

Member of Awá tribe, Brazil

 

 

 

We didn't know what a cold was. Half of us died. Half of my people died.

Member of Murunahua tribe, Peru

 

 

Diversity

 

 

Uncontacted people in Brazil seen from the air during a Brazilian government expedition in 2010. Men painted with red and black vegetable dye watch the Brazilian government plane.

 

(브라질 정부 조사단을 밀림 지역에 파견. 2010년. 검정색과 붉은색 채소 천연염료로 염색한 남자들 사진)

 

 

 

© G. Miranda/FUNAI/Survival

 

 

Uncontacted tribes have developed ways of life that are entirely self-sufficient and extraordinarily diverse. They add enormously to the richness of human life.

 

 

The uncontacted Awá in the Brazilian Amazon use the resin of the maçaranduba tree to make fire to light houses and to hunt at night. They are able to build a house in just a few hours – from lianas, leaves and tree trunks.

 

'아와 Awa' 부족은 마카란두바 나무의 송진을 사용해  '불'을 만들어 밤에 사냥을 하거나, 집에 '등불'로 사용한다.

이들은 덩굴식물인 리아나스(lianas), 나뭇잎, 통나무를 이용해 몇 시간 만에 집을 만드는 기술도 갖추고 있다.

카와히바 (Kawahiva) 부족은 정교한 사다리를 만들어 벌꿀을 채취하고, 덫으로 물고기를 잡기도 한다. 

 

 

 

The uncontacted Kawahiva build intricate ladders up trees to collect honey from bees’ nests, and make traps to catch fish in the streams by their camps.

One uncontacted man known as “the Last of his Tribe“ digs deep pits in which he places sharp spikes to capture game animals.

 

 

 

Knowledge

 

 

 

Uncontacted people's settlement, Javari Valley, Brazil, 2011.

 

브라질 자바리 계곡에 사는 '미접촉 원주민' 주거지

.

© Peetsa/FUNAI/CGIIRC Archive

 

Uncontacted tribes’ knowledge is irreplaceable and has been developed over thousands of years.

 

They have an acute understanding of their natural world through botanical and zoological wisdom, and demonstrate unique solutions to sustainable living.

 

Many of the drugs used in Western medicine originate with tribal people, and have saved millions of lives. Uncontacted tribes are likely to hold the key to many more secrets of their forest. 

 

미접촉 원주민들의 밀림의 식물과 동물에 대한 지식을 습득하고 있고, 지속가능한 삶에 대한 독특한 해법을 보유하고 있다.

 

미접촉 원주민들이 가지고 있는 지식은 이 밀림 숲 속에서 수 천년 살아오면서 쌓은 것이다. 현대 서방 세계에서 사용되는 '제약품'들 중 상당수는 이 원주민들로부터 비롯되었고, 수백만 사람들의 목숨을 구해냈다. 

 

 

(마쉬코-피로 부족. 마누 국립공원, 2011) Mashco-Piro tribe, Manu National Park, 2011.

 

Land theft and forced contact

 

 

We oppose attempts by outsiders to contact uncontacted tribes. It’s always fatal, and initiating contact must be their choice alone. Those who enter uncontacted tribes’ territories deny them that choice.

 

 

All uncontacted tribal peoples face catastrophe unless their land is protected. They’re resisting the invasion and destruction of their lands, and we're doing everything we can to secure their land for them, to ensure invaders are kept out, and to give them the chance to determine their own futures.

 

 

광산, 철도, 댐 공사 등, '더 위대한 카라자쉬  Carajas 프로젝트'로 인해, 유례없는 침략과 폭력이 발생했고, 특히 아마존 북동쪽, 미접촉 원주민 '아와 Awa' 부족이 학살당했다.  

 

Explore critically urgent cases where uncontacted tribes are at imminent risk of destruction:

 

 

1.     Land Protection Orders, Brazil: the territories of several uncontacted tribes in Brazil are shielded by temporary “Land Protection Orders,” but anti-indigenous politicians and ranchers want to open these territories up for beef production, logging and mining.

 

2.     Ayoreo, Paraguay: The last uncontacted tribe in South America outside the Amazon is holding out in an ever-shrinking island of forest, as bulldozers clearing land for cattle ranchers rapidly close in on them.

 

3.     Uncontacted tribes, Peru: After years of delay, the Peruvian government has still not signed into law several indigenous territories which uncontacted and recently-contacted tribes depend on for their survival.

 

 

 

FAQs

What do we mean by uncontacted tribes?

 

Tribal peoples who avoid contact with outsiders. These could be entire peoples, or sub-groups of larger tribes who do have contact.

 

Does that mean they have no contact with anyone else at all?

 

No. Everyone has neighbors, even when they're some distance away, and they'll know who they are. If it's another tribe, perhaps also uncontacted, they may or may not have friendly relations with them.

 

Have they ever been in contact?

 

In some cases, probably. Some may have come into contact with invading colonists, often loggers, ranchers or settlers, and then retreated from the violence which they brought. Some may once have been part of larger tribal groups, and split off and moved away, fleeing contact.

 

So they aren't necessarily living as they always did in the past?

 

Nobody is. Some Amazonian groups even had guns, from inter-tribal trading, before they’d ever met an outsider. Most uncontacted tribes have used some metal tools, which they have found, stolen or traded with their neighbours, for many years or even generations. Uncontacted peoples in India’s Andaman Islands use bits of metal from old shipwrecks, for example.

 

 

Aren’t Uncontacted Tribes pristine societies?

 

No - all peoples are changing all the time and always have done, including uncontacted tribes.

 

Aren’t we denying them the benefits of Western medicine?

 

 

No - Uncontacted tribes have unrivalled knowledge of their environment and medicinal plants, which they use to treat the diseases that are known to them. But contact almost always introduces new diseases, to which they have no immunity, and these are very likely to kill at least some of them, even when emergency medical help is provided.

 

 

If they knew about "our" way of life, surely they'd choose to join us?

 

 

The future offered by the settler society is almost always to "join" at the lowest possible level, often in abject poverty. History proves that tribal peoples usually end up in a far worse state after contact – if they survive at all.

 

They can't be “left alone” forever!

 

If the alternative is their destruction, why not? We oppose attempts by outsiders to contact uncontacted tribes. It's always fatal and initiating contact must be their choice alone. The solution is clear: Protect their land to allow them to live as they choose.