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소고기 증산 때문에 브라질 밀림 파괴와 원주민 학살. A symbol of Indigenous genocide: “The Man of the Hole” dies in Brazil .

by 원시 2022. 8. 30.

1970년대 이후, 브라질 아마존  밀림 지역에서, 소 목장주들이  소 키워 돈 벌기 위해 브라질 원주민 땅을 강탈하고 원주민들을 학살하다. 

장소. 브라질 아마존 서부, Rondonia 주, 타나루 원주민 영토. Tanaru Indigenous Territory in Rondonia state

 

타나루 영토 안에 살던 원주민들이 학살당하고 난 이후, 홀로 생존해 왔던 한 남자가 생을 마감했다.

 

 

[해석 ]

 

그가 속한 부족은 1970년대 이후 외부 침입을 받아 학살당함.

 

2018년 브라질 정부 공무 수행 중, 우연히 "구덩이 사나이"를 만나 촬영함.

타나루 영토는  광대한 소 목장 안에 있는 작은 숲 섬에 있다. 그런데 이 곳은 브라질에서 토지 분쟁이 가장 심각한 곳들 중 한 곳이다. 

 

2004년 피요나 왓슨 (생존자 조사와 옹호 감독)이 정부 조사단과 함께 타나루 영토를 방문했다.

소 목장주들이 토지를 강탈하고 돈벌기 위해서 원주민들을 집단 학살해버렸다. 

집단 학살이 발생한 후, 이 '구덩이 남자'는 외부와의 어떤 접촉도 끊어버렸다. 

 

타나루 원주민 영토 8천 헥타르는 브라질 "토지 보호법"에 따라 공적으로 보호하고 있는 7개 영토들 중에 한 곳이다.

브라질 대통령 '볼소나로'와 그의 정치적 동맹자들은 이 원주민 영토 보호법을 폐지하려고 전력을 쏟아오고 있다.

 

 

A symbol of Indigenous genocide: “The Man of the Hole” dies in Brazil

August 28, 2022

 

The Man of the Hole looks out from his hut - a still from the film Corumbiara, by the film-maker Vincent Carelli

 

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The Man of the Hole looks out from his hut – a still from the film Corumbiara, by the film-maker Vincent Carelli. © Vincent Carelli

 

 

 

An Indigenous man known as “The Man of the Hole” has died in Brazil. He was the last member of his tribe, and the only inhabitant of Tanaru Indigenous Territory in Rondonia state, in the western Brazilian Amazon.

 

The rest of his people had been massacred in a series of attacks from the 1970s onwards, but little was known about his people as he resisted attempts to contact him. Known to outsiders as The Man of the Hole for his habit of constructing deep holes, some with sharpened stakes in them, he was filmed by a government team in 2018 during a chance encounter.

 

 

Tanaru territory stands as a small island of forest in a sea of vast cattle ranches, in one of the most violent regions in Brazil. Survival, together with organizations inside Brazil, campaigned for many years for his land to be protected.

 

 

A still from a FUNAI video of The Man of the Hole, filmed during a government monitoring mission.

 

A still from a FUNAI video of The Man of the Hole, filmed during a government monitoring mission. © FUNAI

 

Fiona Watson, Survival’s Research and Advocacy Director, visited the territory in 2004 with a government monitoring team, and wrote an account of the visit.

 

She said today: “No outsider knew this man’s name, or even very much about his tribe – and with his death the genocide of his people is complete. For this was indeed a genocide – the deliberate wiping out of an entire people by cattle ranchers hungry for land and wealth.

 

 

“He symbolized both the appalling violence and cruelty inflicted on Indigenous peoples worldwide in the name of colonization and profit, but also their resistance. We can only imagine what horrors he had witnessed in his life, and the loneliness of his existence after the rest of his tribe were killed, but he determinedly resisted all attempts at contact, and made clear he just wanted to be left alone.

 

“If President Bolsonaro and his agribusiness allies get their way, this story will be repeated over and over again until all the country’s Indigenous peoples are wiped out. The Indigenous movement in Brazil, and Survival, will do everything possible to ensure that doesn’t happen.”

 

Tanaru Indigenous Territory, Brazil (home to the man known as "The last of his tribe" or "The man of the hole"

 

Tanaru Indigenous Territory, Brazil (home to the man known as “The last of his tribe” or “The man of the hole” © Survival International

 

OPI, the Observatory for the Human Rights of Uncontacted and recently-contacted Peoples, has called for the Tanaru reserve to be permanently protected as a memorial to Indigenous genocide. Survival backs that call.

 

Fiona Watson is available for interview. Survival has photos and videos available.

 

Note to Editors:

 

 

The 8,000 hectare Tanaru Indigenous Territory is one of seven territories in Brazil protected by Land Protection Orders. President Bolsonaro and his allies have long campaigned to abolish these protections.

 

 

출처: https://www.survivalinternational.org/news/13331

 

A symbol of Indigenous genocide: “The Man of the Hole” dies in Brazil

The death of the Indigenous man, who lived entirely alone, means his people have been completely wiped out.

www.survivalinternational.org

 

 

한 사람이 죽자 부족 전체가 사라졌다···아마존서 홀로 살던 원주민 사망
입력 : 2022.08.30 11:50 수정 : 2022.08.30 11:51김서영 기자


2018년 7월 브라질 국립원주민재단(FUNAI)이 공개한 영상 속 원주민 남성의 모습. 그는 지난 23일(현지시간) 숨진 채 발견됐다. FUNAI제공

브라질 아마존에서 생활하던 한 부족의 마지막 원주민이 숨진 채 발견됐다. 미접촉 부족의 소멸이 공식적으로 확인된 첫 사례다.

브라질 국립원주민재단(FUNAI)이 지난 23일(현지시간) 혼도니아주 아마존 타나루 원주민 구역에서 순찰을 돌던 중 이 원주민 남성의 사망을 확인했다고 30일 뉴욕타임스(NYT) 등 외신이 보도했다. 그는 외부 침입의 흔적 없이 평소 생활하던 오두막 해먹에 누운 채 발견됐다. 사인은 자연사로 추정된다고 재단은 밝혔다. 범죄전문가가 현장을 점검했으며, 시신은 부검을 위해 브라질리아로 이송됐다. DNA 검사를 거치고 시신을 숲으로 돌려보내 매장할 예정이라고 NYT는 재단 관계자를 인용해 전했다.

이 원주민은 지난 26여년간 브라질과 볼리비아의 접경지대인 타나루 원주민 지역에서 홀로 살아왔다. 이름은 알려진 바 없으나, 나이는 60세 정도로 추정된다. 그는 자신이 생활하는 지역에 수십개의 구덩이를 파 ‘구덩이의 사나이’로도 불렸다. 그는 정부 관계자의 접근을 피해 도망다녔으며, 그러면서 만든 오두막집만 53개로 알려졌다.

브라질 아마존에서 생활하던 한 부족의 마지막 원주민이 숨진 채 발견됐다. 그는 생전에 동물을 잡고 몸을 숨기기 위해 여러 구덩이를 팠다. 서바이벌인터내셔널 제공
브라질 아마존에서 생활하던 한 부족의 마지막 원주민이 숨진 채 발견됐다. 그는 생전에 동물을 잡고 몸을 숨기기 위해 여러 구덩이를 팠다. 서바이벌인터내셔널 제공

그가 사망함으로써 그의 부족 전체가 사라지게 됐다. 이는 미접촉 부족(Uncontacted tribes)의 소멸이 공식적으로 기록되는 첫 사례라고 외신은 전했다. 미접촉 부족은 바깥 세계와의 접점 없이 생활하는 부족을 의미한다.

그의 다른 부족민들은 1970년대 이후 목장주와 토지를 노리는 이들의 공격으로 전멸한 것으로 알려져 있다. 국립원주민재단의 마르셀로 도스 산토스는 그의 부족이 적어도 두차례 공격을 받은 증거가 있다고 밝혔다. 이는 그가 지역 주민들로부터 수집한 것으로, 독이 든 설탕을 받은 것과 1990년대 초 총격으로 부족민 6명이 사망한 것 등을 포함한다.

국립원주민재단은 마지막으로 남은 이 남성과 1996년에서야 직접적으로 접촉할 수 있었다. 당시 그를 만났던 경험을 두고 도스 산토스는 “우리는 그가 피신하고 있는 집을 찾아 그 지역으로 들어갔다. 대화를 해보려고 시도하고 옥수수와 화살도 제공했지만, 그는 겁에 질려 매우 공격적이었다. 그때부터 우리는 그의 고립을 존중해야만 했다”고 NYT에 말했다. 1년 후 재단은 벌목업자와 목장주가 침범하지 못하도록 이 지역에 대한 접근을 제한했으며, 이같은 보호는 2025년까지 유효하게끔 돼있었다.

브라질 아마존에서 생활하던 한 부족의 마지막 원주민이 지은 오두막집. 서바이벌인터내셔널 제공

이번에 사라진 부족 뿐만 아니라 남은 원주민 부족도 소멸 위험에 처했다는 경고가 나온다. 예를 들어 피리프쿠라 부족의 경우 임신이 불가한 여성과 두 남성, 단 3명만 남은 상황이다. 국립원주민재단은 브라질에 고립된 부족이 적어도 114개가 있다고 보고 있으나, 실제로 존재가 확인된 부족은 28개에 불과하다. 나머지 86개 부족은 정부 보호를 받지 못한다.

더 나아가 자이르 보우소나루 현 브라질 대통령은 아마존 개발을 추진하고 있다. 규제를 완화해 벌목과 목축업을 확대하고, 원주민과 토지에 대한 보호를 줄이는 방향이다. 국립원주민재단의 예산 또한 삭감됐다고 NYT는 전했다. 재단의 원주민 전문가 길례르미 마틴스는 “많은 부족들이 정부와 사회가 알지도 못하는 사이 멸종되고 있다. 이는 매우 심각한 문제”라고 밝혔다.

영국 런던에 기반을 둔 인권단체 서바이벌인터내셔널의 피오나 왓슨 연구디렉터는 “그가 살았던 타나루 구역을 지나가면서 나무가 완전히 벗겨져있고 가축이 많아 놀랐다”고 NYT에 밝혔다. 그는 2005년 재단과 함께 이번에 숨진 원주민을 만났던 경험이 있다. 그는 이어 “그는 누구와도 이야기하지 않고 홀로 살아갈 수 있다는 저항과 회복의 상징이었다”고 덧붙였다.

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