유럽연합. 주택과 건물 난방, 화석연료 (기름 가스) 2040년까지만 허용.
1) 조치 -유럽연합, 가정집과 건물 난방, 화석연료 2040년까지만 허용. 2030년부터 새 건물의 난방 에너지는 태양에너지.
2) 2025년까지 기름과 가스 보일러 보조금 중지.
팩트. 유럽연합의 지구 온난화 오염원의 3분의 1 이상이 주택,건물로부터 발생함.
건물들이 낡고 새고,화석연료 의존 난방 체계임.
3) 기름-가스 보일러 대신 냉난방 장치 (Heat Pump)로 교체 중.
토마스 노왁, 유럽 증기펌프 협회장, 난방장치 (heat pump) 사용이 대안.
국제에너지기구(International Energy Agency) 발표. 건물 탈탄소화 도구로서 ‘히트 펌프’ 권장.
(*참고. 유럽 주택의 60%는 오래되고 낡은 편. 히트 펌프를 설치하기 위해서는 돈이 많이 들어서, 논란이 되고 있다. 독일은 2024년까지 가스-기름 보일러를 히트 펌프로 대체할 계획이었으나, 비용 문제로 2026년~2028년까지 늦추기로. )
4) 유럽연합 대안. 2030년까지 태양광 패널 설치 의무화 계획. 공공 건물, 새 주택 건설에 적용.
얀 오센베르그(Jan Osenberg), 태양력 유럽 (SolarPower Europe) 정책위원, 태양 패널 설치와 주택건설을 통합해 비용을 절감하겠다.
예외조항. 농업 분야와 역사적 유물 (교회나 종교단체 건물)
최근 이탈리아 밀라노에 나무로 가득찬 보스코 베르티 칼레 (수직 숲) 건물 등장.
스웨덴, 쉴레트테 (Skelleftea )에 있는 합판 고층건물
5) 정책 대립 현황과 타협. 유럽연합 국가간 합의.
2030년까지 일반 주택에서 사용한 1차 에너지 최소 16% 절약, 2035년까지 20%까지 절약하기로 합의.
이 협상안은 가장 비효율적인 난방 주택들을 모조리 개축하고자 했던 유럽연합 위원회 (EC)의 최초 제안서보다 더 후퇴한 타협안이다.
기후 행동 네트워크 유럽 지부, 건축물 전문가인 에바 브라디넬리 (Eva Brardinelli), 화석연료 산업계와 우익포퓰리스트들은 이러한 제안들을 약화시키려 한다고 주장. 협상안 때문에, 수백만의 에너지 빈곤자들을 구제할 기회를 상실해버렸다고 주장.
EU agrees deal to cut emissions from homes and buildings
This article is more than 3 months old
New buildings must be zero-emission and have solar panels by 2030, and fossil fuel boilers to be banned by 2040
Ajit Niranjan
Fri 8 Dec 2023 15.19 GMT
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New buildings in the EU must have no emissions from fossil fuels by 2030, and boilers that use those sources will be banned by 2040 under a new deal on energy and homes.
The rules, agreed between MEPs and member states but not yet formally adopted, set targets to make buildings waste less energy. Subsidies for standalone oil and gas boilers will stop by 2025.
“Energy wasted is money wasted on bills,” said Ciaran Cuffe, an Irish MEP with the Green grouping who was in charge of the proposal. “We must help citizens to save money, and protect them from volatile energy prices.”
More than a third of the EU’s planet-heating pollution comes from its buildings, many of which are old, leaky and heated by burning fossil fuels. The agreement seeks to phase out oil and gas boilers by 2040, though under the new rules it will continue to subsidise hybrid systems.
Thomas Nowak, the head of the European Heat Pump Association, said: “Setting a date for ending fossil fuel heating in Europe’s buildings provides crucial clarity for consumers, and charts the path for the heating sector. It makes any investment in heat pump solutions a future-proof choice.”
Heat pumps, which warm buildings cleanly and efficiently but are expensive, are the main tool to decarbonise buildings in a roadmap drawn up by the International Energy Agency for reaching net zero emissions by 2050. The European Commission will publish a heat pump action plan in early 2024 to build and install more of them.
If approved in its current form, the deal struck on Thursday night will also force member states to put solar panels on more buildings, starting with new public buildings and offices and expanding to include new homes by 2030.
Jan Osenberg, a policy adviser at SolarPower Europe, said the rules would help integrate solar panel installations into construction processes and reduce costs. He said: “This is smart and a significant step into a future where having rooftop solar is as self-evident as having a washing machine.”
The agreement lets member states make exceptions for agricultural and heritage buildings, as well as churches and other places of worship.
Striking examples of green-tinged architecture have sprung up across Europe in recent decades, from the tree-filled Bosco Verticale in Milan to the plywood skyscraper in Sweden’s Skellefteå. The big challenge for policymakers is cleaning up the millions of old buildings that leak heat and cost a lot to renovate.
Under the agreement, member states will have to cut the average primary energy used in homes by at least 16% by 2030, and by at least 20% by 2035. It is a compromise on the European Commission’s original proposals to renovate the leakiest homes, which member states had fought fiercely.
Eva Brardinelli, a buildings expert at the European branch of the Climate Action Network, said a “menacing campaign” by the fossil fuel industry and rightwing populists had watered down the proposal. “The final agreement on the directive missed a significant opportunity to lift millions out of energy poverty and cut our dependence on fossil fuels.”
이탈리아 밀라노 있는, 수직 숲 건물. ( Bosco Verticale)
EU agrees deal to cut emissions from homes and buildings
New buildings must be zero-emission and have solar panels by 2030, and fossil fuel boilers to be banned by 2040
www.theguardian.com
스웨덴 . 쉴레트테 (Skelleftea ) 시 에 있는 합판 고층건물
the plywood skyscraper in Sweden’s Skellefteå
사진 출처.
Isn’t it good, Swedish plywood: the miraculous eco-town with a 20-storey wooden skyscraper
Skellefteå has wooden schools, bridges, even car parks. And now it has one of the world’s tallest wooden buildings. We visit Sweden to see what a climate-conscious future looks like
www.theguardian.com
