[football] 군부독재에 저항했던, 브라질 축구 선수 소크라테스 ( Socrates 1954-2011)

브라질 축구 선수 이름이 특이해서 기억하고 있던 이름, 소크라테스. 당시 브라질 지코와 같이 뛰었던 것으로 기억한다.

요즘 뭐하나 하고 검색했더니, 2011년에 별세함. 똑똑한 사람으로만 당시 소개되었고, 이름도 아테네 철학자 소크라테스라서 독특한 사람으로만 알고 있다가 잊혀졌다.

 

소크라테스.

 

자신의 머리띠에 "정의가 필요하다" "테러 반대" "폭력 반대" 글귀를 써 붙이고 축구시합을 했다.

1986년 월드컵 당시, 소크라테스의 머리띠에는 " 사랑 찬성, 테러 반대 " 구호가 박혀 있었다.

“Yes to Love, No to Terror,” 당시 미국의 리비아 폭격에 대한 비판이었다고 한다.

 

1982년 월드컵 브라질 주장, 소크라테스.

21년 브라질 군부 독재에  맞서   싸운 진보적인 자유 투사.

의과대학에 진학했으나, 축구 선수가 됨.

소크라테스의 어린 시절 3명의 영웅들, 피델 카스트로, 체 게바라, 존 레논. 브라질 노동당원.

 

1982년 11월 브라질 축구협회는 소크라테스에게 경고장을 보냄. 

그러나 소크라테스는 셔츠에다 1982년 11월 15일에 있는 총선에서 "15일 투표합시다"를 써 붙이고 경기에 나갔다. 군부독재 타도 시위의 일환이었다.

 

술과 담배를 너무 즐겨한 탓에 57세에 사망.

 

 소크라테스는 빈곤, 전쟁, 제국주의, 사회적 불의에 정면으로 맞서 싸우다 갔다.

체 게바라는 혁명을 위해 총이 필요하다고 말했고, 소크라테스는 축구를 통해 브라질 군부독재에 저항했다.

 

존경하는 축구 선수 소크라테스 선수에 대한 요약.

 

 

 

 

 

Brazil captain Sócrates at the 1986 World Cup with a headband “Yes to Love, No to Terror,” 

a response to the recent US bombing of Libya

 

 

당시 시대적 분위기. " 체 게바라는 (혁명을 위해) 총이 필요하다고 생각했고, 소크라테스는 축구함으로써 브라질을 바꿀 수 있다고 믿었다"

 

 

의대에 진학했던 소크라테스. 상대적으로 잘 사는 집에서 태어났던 소크라테스의 대학시절.

 

 

 

브라질 군부독재와 싸우다.

 

 

 

 

마이크를 잡고 길거리에서 나선 소크라테스. 

 

 

 

 

 

1982, Brazil, International 

 

 

사망 전에 대중들 앞에서 축구하는 모습, 소크라테스. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. 가디언. obituary 부고 기사.

 

 

벨렘. 아마존 강 어귀에 있는 시. 브라질 북부 파라 Para 주의 수도인 벨렘에서 태어남.

브라질 수도 상 파울로부터 북서쪽으로 290 km 떨어진 Riberirao Preto.

 

Sócrates obituary

 

Formidable captain of the Brazilian team in the 1982 World Cup

Brian Glanville

 

Sun 4 Dec 2011 18.31 GMT

 

 

 

Sócrates – Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira de Oliveira – who has died after suffering an intestinal infection aged 57, was one of the most unlikely of Brazil's resplendent footballers. Bearded and seemingly indestructible, he stood 6ft 3in tall, once admitting: "I am an anti-athlete. I cannot deny myself certain lapses from the strict regime of a sportsman. You have to take me as I am."

 

He was, in fact, a formidable attacking midfielder, prominent in two World Cups in the 1980s, initially a centre forward but, for most of his international career, a dominating figure in every sense, in central midfield.

 

He smoked incessantly, rather like Gérson, a previous general of the Brazilian midfield, he drank large quantities of beer, and if, eventually, such indulgences may have caught up with him, they never seem to have impinged on his extensive football career.

 

The first child of a self-educated father, who named three of his sons after Greek philosophers, Sócrates was born in Belém, the city on the banks of the Amazon estuary and capital of the north Brazilian state of Pará.

 

 

 

 

But it was in Ribeirão Preto, 290km (180 miles) north-west of São Paulo, that Sócrates played with the Botafogo club (1974-78). The greater part of his career (1978-84) was spent with the Corinthians club of São Paulo.

 

In his early days there, he was notably unwilling to join in the wild celebrations of his team-mates when he scored a goal (of which there were 172 over the course of 297 matches); so much so that the fans complained to the club president.

 

He, in turn, begged Sócrates to be more demonstrative, and he obliged, kneeling on the ground, throwing up his arms and invoking success from whatever gods there might be.

 

Though he may have seemed to trot unhurriedly about the ground, Sócrates could suddenly accelerate.

 

When the ball was in the air, his great height and a notable leap made him irresistible, and he had a fierce right-footed drive. Taking penalties was his forte, though, strangely enough, he was not often used by the Brazilian national team to execute them.

 

Altogether he played 60 games for Brazil from 1979, scoring 22 goals. Telê Santana, the Brazil manager, made him captain of the team. In this role he was known for encouraging his team-mates with word and flamboyant gesture rather than criticising them.

 

1979년부터 국가대표에 발탁 60 게임에서 22골을 기록. 1982년 스페인 월드컵에서 브라질이 소련을 2대 1로 승리.

스코트랜드 4대 1ㅣ로 승리.

그러나 다음 라운드에서 이탈리아에 패함. 소크라테스가 한 골을 넣었지만, 3대 2로 패해,  4강 진출 실패.

 

 

In the 1982 World Cup finals in Spain, Brazil opened against Russia in Seville, deploying a midfield of tremendous talent. Against the Russians, Sócrates was ubiquitous and outstanding, now in the firing line, now dropping deep to cover for the attacking left back, Júnior.

 

After 75 minutes, he struck the equaliser with a fulminating right-footed shot and Brazil went on to win 2-1.

 

In their next match, won 4-1 against a Scotland team which, like Russia, had actually taken the lead, Sócrates neatly set up Brazil's fourth goal for his fellow midfielder, Falcão.

 

In a second-round group match that his team, in Barcelona, was unlucky to lose to Italy, Sócrates scored another spectacular goal.

 

Receiving a perfectly angled pass from Zico, he somehow found a gap between Italy's goalkeeper, Dino Zoff, and the near post, a shot of tremendous power which found its billet.

 

But Brazil, which needed only a draw to reach the semi-finals, lost 3-2 and went out in one of the most dramatic games in the history of the tournament.

 

There had been suggestions that Sócrates would cut short his playing career, but he was still in the Brazilian team, now captained by Edinho, for the 1986 World Cup in Mexico.

 

The heroes of midfield, however, Sócrates somewhat wearily among them, were largely tired or injured and there were ructions at the training camp.

 

1986년 월드컵, 스페인 전, 1대 0으로 승리 (소크라테스 골) 

In Guadalajara, against Spain, Sócrates scored another World Cup goal, though this one looked offside, after the centre forward, Careca, had shot against the bar. That came eight minutes from the end and gave Brazil a 1-0 victory.

 

Brazil improved: Northern Ireland were swept aside 3-0 and, again in Guadalajara, Sócrates was for once deputed to take a penalty from which he duly scored, in a 4-0 victory against Poland.

 

북 아일랜드 전에서 3대 0 승리. 폴란드 전 4대 0 승리. 

8강전에서 지코가 페널티킥 실축, 프랑스에 패배.

 

Should he have taken the vital penalty, on the same ground, in the quarter-final against France?

 

But Zico took it and missed, and Brazil were eliminated on penalties, with Sócrates one of the non-scorers.

 

At the time, Sócrates struck me as "strolling about the field in samba rhythm – never hurried, always inventive, occasionally breaking into a brisk trot". It was his last World Cup match, and he went out with the flourish of having two headers saved by the French goalkeeper, Joël Bats.

 

Though he had once said, in 1981, that he would never play in Italy for money, Sócrates did, in fact, join Fiorentina in the 1984-85 season.

 

The 1986-87 season saw him back in Brazil, in Rio de Janeiro, playing for Flamengo, and from there he went to Santos, back in the São Paulo state league, in 1988-89. There was also a 12-minute cameo appearance with Garforth Town against Tadcaster Albion in a Northern League match in 2004, but he was clearly a decade too old to play. It smacked of a publicity stunt.

 

소크라테스 남동생 , 라이 Rai, 

 

Sócrates's younger brother, Raí, was a Brazilian international midfielder and a member of the Brazil squad that won the 1994 World Cup.

 

 

Sócrates is survived by his wife and six children.

 

 

Gavin McOwan writes: Sócrates was one of the few qualified medical doctors to play the game at the very highest level, captaining Brazil in the 1982 World Cup, widely recognised as one of the best teams (along with Hungary in 1954 and Holland in 1974) never to win the tournament.

 

His style of play was unmistakable: elegant and effortless almost to the point of nonchalance, and with a penchant for the back-heel that prompted Pelé to remark that Sócrates played better going backwards than most footballers going forward.

 

He also possessed an intellect that complemented his name. I was lucky enough to interview "The Doctor" in 2002 and was awed by his wisdom and good humour – not to mention the number of beers he could knock back.

 

He was clearly one of football's great sages, but also held court on everything from his surreal meeting in the Libyan desert with Colonel Gaddafi (who urged Sócrates to run for Brazilian president) to his love of Ché Guevara.

 

21년간 브라질 군부독재.

But for Brazilians who lived through the 21 years of the country's military dictatorship, Sócrates will also be remembered as a social activist and campaigner for democracy, both within the game and on the wider political stage.

 

While a player at Corinthians, he co-founded the Corinthians Democracy movement, an idealistic but effective political cell that fought against the authoritarian way the club's management controlled its players, a microcosm of the way the country was governed by the military.

 

Sócrates, together with team-mate Wladimir, organised the players to discuss and then vote with a simple show of hands on all matters that affected them, from simple things such as the time they would eat lunch to challenging the dreaded concentracão, a common practice in Brazil during which players are practically locked up in a hotel for one or two days before a game.

 

 

After winning battles within football, Corinthians Democracy broadened, using football's popularity as a catalyst to strive for political change. In November 1982, despite warnings from the Brazilian football association, the players wore shirts with "Vote on the 15th" printed on the back, urging the public to take part in the upcoming elections that were one of the first moves towards ending the dictatorship.

 

 

 

At a time when most people were still afraid to speak out against the regime, Sócrates politicised football; and he was as proud of his team's valiant contribution in helping dismantle the dictatorship as he was of his considerable football achievements.

 

At the end of 1982, Corinthians won the São Paulo state championship with "Democracia" printed on the back of their black shirts. Sócrates told Alex Bellos, the author of Futebol (2002), that it was "perhaps the most perfect moment I ever lived. And I'm sure it was for 95% of [my teammates] too."

 

 Sócrates (Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira de Oliveira), footballer, born 19 February 1954; died 4 December 2011

 

 

 

 

2. 위키 자료.

 

 

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the Brazilian footballer. For the Ancient Greek philosopher, see Socrates. For other uses, see Socrates (disambiguation).

In this Portuguese name, the first or maternal family name is Brasileiro Sampaio and the second or paternal family name is de Souza Vieira de Oliveira.

Sócrates

 

Sócrates in 2005

Personal information

Full name        Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira de Oliveira [1]

Date of birth    19 February 1954[citation needed]

Place of birth    Belém, Pará, Brazil

Date of death   4 December 2011 (aged 57)

Place of death  São Paulo, Brazil

Height 1.92 m (6 ft 4 in)

Position(s)        Midfielder

Senior career*

Years   Team    Apps    (Gls)

1973–1978       Botafogo-SP      99        (35)

1978–1984       Corinthians       135      (74)

1984–1985       Fiorentina         25        (6)

1986–1987       Flamengo         12        (3)

1988–1989       Santos  25        (7)

1989    Botafogo-SP      6         (0)

2004[2] Garforth Town    1         (0)

Total              303      (172)

International career

1979–1986       Brazil    60        (22)

Managerial career

1994    Botafogo-SP

1996    LDU Quito

1999    Cabofriense

Medal record

*Club domestic league appearances and goals

Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira e Oliveira[1] (19 February 1954 – 4 December 2011), simply known as Sócrates [ˈsɔkɾat͡ʃis], was a Brazilian footballer who played as a midfielder. His medical degree and his political awareness, combined with style and quality of his play, earned him the nickname "Doctor Socrates". Easily recognizable for his beard and headband, Sócrates became the "symbol of cool for a whole generation of football supporters".[3] In 1983, he was named South American Footballer of the Year. In 2004, he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players.[4]

 

Socrates played for Brazil for seven years, scoring 22 goals and representing the nation in two World Cups. He captained the team in the 1982 FIFA World Cup; playing in midfield alongside Zico, Falcão, Toninho Cerezo and Éder, considered one of the greatest Brazil national teams ever.[5] He also appeared in the 1979 and 1983 Copa América. At club level, Sócrates played for Botafogo-SP before joining Corinthians in 1978. He moved to Italy to play for Fiorentina, returning to Brazil in 1985 to end his career.

 

Playing career

Club career

Sócrates was born in Belém do Pará.[3] He began playing football professionally in 1974 for Botafogo-SP in Ribeirão Preto, but spent the majority of his career (1978 to 1984) with Corinthians, scoring 41 goals in 59 Brazilian Série A games, and 172 goals in 297 matches in total.[6]

 

In 1984–85, aged 30, Sócrates had his first experience abroad, playing in Italian Serie A with Fiorentina. He returned to his country after that sole season, representing Flamengo, Santos and former club Botafogo-SP, and retiring in 1989.[6] During his period in Flamengo, he played 20 games, scoring 5 goals and won Campeonato Carioca: 1986.

 

In 2004, more than a decade after retiring, 50-year-old Sócrates agreed to a one-month player-coaching deal with Garforth Town of the Northern Counties East Football League in England.[7] He made his only appearance for the club on 20 November, against Tadcaster Albion, coming on as a substitute twelve minutes from time.[8][9]

 

International career

Sócrates was capped 60 times for Brazil between May 1979 and June 1986, scoring 22 goals.[8] He captained the national team at the 1982 FIFA World Cup, and also appeared in the 1986 World Cup in Mexico.[6] In the latter edition, he scored twice, starting with the game's only goal against Spain in the group stage.[10] he added another in the round-of-16 4–0 win over Poland, shooting his penalty kick without running; in the following game, against France, he tried to convert it in the same fashion, but had his shootout attempt saved by goalkeeper Joël Bats; France ultimately progressed to the semi-finals.[11]

 

Sócrates also represented his country at the 1979 and 1983 Copa América tournaments. In the latter he appeared in only one game, the second leg of the final against Uruguay (1–1 home draw, 3-1 aggregate loss).[12]

 

Style of play

A former centre-forward, who later made a name for himself as a midfielder, playing in either an attacking or central midfield role, Sócrates was an elegant, talented, and technical playmaker, known for his great through passes, precise long balls, link-up play, and his vision on the field, as well as his physical strength; he was also a two-footed player. While he was mainly known for his ability to orchestrate attacking plays, he was a prolific goal scorer himself, courtesy of his powerful and accurate shot with his right foot, and his ability to make attacking runs into the area from behind. He was also an accurate penalty taker, while his height, heading ability, and elevation allowed him to excel in the air. He was also known, however, for often not taking part in his teammates' celebrations whenever he scored a goal. Although he was not the quickest of players, and preferred to play the game at a slower tempo, he possessed good acceleration. His intelligence and ability to read the game were also highly valued, and his signature move was the blind or "no-look" back-heel pass.[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]

 

Sócrates was a key member of the Brazil national team of the early to mid-1980s; Jonathan Wilson said that "Socrates was the brain of Brazil. He might not quite have had the flair of Zico, but he was the central intelligence".[20] Former coach at Fiorentina, Giancarlo De Sisti, said: "Socrates was a very intelligent man, he had great class."[21] In addition to his playing ability and intelligence, he was known for his correct behaviour and charismatic presence on the pitch, as well as his leadership in the dressing room, which made him a respected figure among his teammates, while his height, headband, hairstyle, and beard made him a highly recognisable figure on the pitch. He also often stood out for his outspokenness, humour, eccentric personality, his strong, rebellious character, and his left-wing political views, often speaking out against political issues in his home-country. However, he was equally notorious for not being particularly hard-working or disciplined in his personal life, as he smoked and drank large quantities of beer, once commenting: "I am an anti-athlete. I cannot deny myself certain lapses from the strict regime of a sportsman. You have to take me as I am."[14][16][22][23]

 

Personal life

Sócrates was the firstborn child of Raimundo and Guiomar Vieira. He was born in Belém, Pará, and relocated with his family to Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, in January 1960 after his father Raimundo earned an important position as revenue supervisor. This job earned Sócrates' father the status of a small-town hero in Igarapé-Açu, where the family lived at the time. His father's new salary allowed Sócrates to attend the best school in Ribeirão Preto, Colégio Marista. In a biography written by the journalist Tom Cardoso, it is revealed that the small library Sócrates' father had built in his home, containing philosophy books and other works, came under threat as of the coup d'état on 31 March 1964. Sócrates watched his father rid himself of books that he so loved; "In 1964, I saw my father tear many books, because of the coup d'état. I thought that was absurd, because the library was the thing he liked best. That was when I felt that something was not right. But I only understood much later, in college." At age 10, Sócrates was exposed to the repercussions of the military dictatorship's censorship. His childhood was marked by this event which he came to comprehend as an adult later in life.[24][25]

 

Sócrates married four times. He divorced three times and died in his fourth marriage. He had six children. He was a columnist for a number of newspapers and magazines, writing not only about sports, but also politics and economics. He frequently appeared on Brazilian TV programmes as a football pundit. At the time of his death, Sócrates was writing a fictional book about the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.[26]

 

Sócrates was a physician, a rare achievement for a professional footballer (he held a bachelor's degree in medicine from the Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, the medical school of the University of São Paulo).[27] Even rarer is the fact that he earned the degree while concurrently playing professional football. After retiring as a player he practised medicine in Ribeirão Preto.[3]

 

He was also noted for being an intellectual, a heavy drinker and a smoker.[11] His younger brother Raí was also a footballer and an attacking midfielder, being a member of the Brazilian team that won the World Cup in 1994, notably playing for São Paulo and for Paris Saint-Germain.[28][29][30]

 

Politics

During his time at Corinthians, Sócrates co-founded the Corinthians Democracy movement, in opposition to the then-ruling military government.[31] Sócrates and his teammates protested against the regime's treatment of footballers, and showed support to the wider movement for democratisation, by wearing shirts with "Democracia" written on them during games.[32] Corinthians Democracy was meant to be the voice of Brazilian sport in the struggle to re-democratize the country. Sócrates and his teammates believed they could model how society was supposed to function by making all of the club's decisions through voting. It was believed that debate, swapping ideas, and voting could function as an example for the general public.[33]

 

On 16 April 1984 he spoke out in support of Diretas Já (Free Elections Now), a popular movement that called for direct presidential elections.[34] In Socrates and the Corinthians' Democracy[35] Juca Kfouri, a Brazilian journalist, recalls how, "Socrates took the risk of saying, in front of two million people gathered on the cathedral square, that if direct presidential elections weren't accepted by the regime, he'd go play in Italy."[36] By hinging his transfer abroad on the outcome of a constitutional amendment, Socrates' political legacy began to form. His denunciation of the military dictatorship and fight to redemocratize Brazil extended his legacy beyond the football field.

 

Sócrates stated that three of his childhood heroes were Fidel Castro, Che Guevara and John Lennon.[37] He was also a member of the Brazil Workers' Party,[38] and said that "Lula was good" but that he had "earned a mere seven or so out of ten" for his way of governing Brazil.[39]

 

 

Death and tributes

 

In 2011, Sócrates' health started to deteriorate. His use of alcohol has been linked to this.[40][41] On 19 August 2011, he was admitted to the intensive care unit of the Albert Einstein Hospital in São Paulo with gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to portal hypertension and was discharged nine days later.[42] The following month he spent 17 days in hospital with a liver ailment.[43] On 1 December 2011, he was hospitalised with food poisoning which developed into septic shock and he was put on life support.[44] He died on 4 December 2011 at the age of 57.[45] He was survived by his wife and six children.[46]

 

President of Brazil, Dilma Rousseff, paid tribute, saying Brazil had lost "one of its most cherished sons". "On the field, with his talent and sophisticated touches, he was a genius. Off the field... he was active politically, concerned with his people and his country."[47]

 

Corinthians fans held up signs in tribute and there was a moment of silence before the team's match against Palmeiras (a 0–0 draw which secured Corinthians their first Brazilian title for six years).[47] The result matched a professed desire of Sócrates, who had once stated his wish "to die on a Sunday when Corinthians won a trophy".[48] Fiorentina held a minute's silence before their league match against Roma, and the players wore black armbands in tribute.[47]

 

Former Brazil striker Ronaldo tweeted: "Sad start to the day. Rest in peace Dr. Socrates."[47] Zico called him "unique".[47] Italy's Paolo Rossi described the death as "a piece of our history that's broken off and gone away".[47] Garforth chairman Simon Clifford paid tribute to the "great grace" of Sócrates.[2]

 

Legacy

Pelé named Sócrates in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players in March 2004 and World Soccer named him one of 100 best footballers in history. In October 2008, he was inducted into the Pacaembu Brazilian Football Museum Hall of Fame. In 2022 France Football gave out the first edition of the Sócrates Award, The award was named after Sócrates.