오스트리아, 비영리주택조합, 독일어 (GBV 게마인뉘찌게 바우페라이니궁엔)은 대중들에게 주택을 공급하기 위한 사적 회사 (민간 기업)들이다.
비영리주택조합의 사업 모델은 이윤 극대화가 아니라 '공동체의 좋음(공동선)' 원칙들을 따른다.
Limited-profit housing associations, in German Gemeinnützige Bauvereinigungen or GBVs, are private companies that provide housing for large parts of society. Their business model is based on the principle of serving the common good rather than maximizing profits.
To ensure this, GBVs are regulated by the Austrian Limited Profit Housing Act (German: Wohnungsgemeinnützigkeitsgesetz or WGG), as well as by supplementary regulations. As of 2023, there are 182 GBVs in Austria, of which 97 are cooperatives, 75 limited liability companies, and 10 public limited companies. Today, nearly 1 in 5 households live in a home provided by such an association.
The managed dwelling stock of GBVs has risen from around 45,000 units at the end of World War II to nearly 1 million flats today, of which 690,000 for rent and 294,000 in individual ownership.
Limited-profit housing associations also play a significant role in the delivery of new homes: more than 15,000 dwellings are completed every year, with most of them receiving financial support in the form of residential building subsidies (mainly public loans).
The market share of GBV completions account for about 27 percent of total housing output and 44 percent in multi-storey buildings.
As a result of the limited-profit housing business model and the effects of housing subsidisation, rents per square metre in GBV homes are around 25 percent lower than in homes provided by commercial or private landlords.
The large share of affordable and secure rented homes makes GBVs key players and anchors of stability in Austria’s housing market.
The limited-profit housing sector in Austria has emerged from three different roots: the first is the cooperative movement, which dates back to the 19th Century. Cooperatives are characterised by communal selforganisation and the provision of services in a manner distinct from both the market economy’s pursuit of profit and the concept of state supply.
The 98 housing cooperatives are owned by their members (i.e. their tenants), who number around 500,000. The second root is housing provided by companies for their workers. This formed the basis for the provision of housing in Austria’s traditional industrial regions for decades.
The deindustrialisation of certain regions has caused this sector to shrink drastically. Today, access to former workers’ housing is no longer contingent on a contract with a particular employer. 690.000 homes for rent 182 Limited-profit housing associations Outsourced public-sector residential construction is the third root.
Not-for-profit companies, which are predominantly owned by municipalities or other regional authorities, take on the task of affordable housing provision in many municipalities. A driving force behind social housing was and is housing promotion.
This began with the first housing fund during the Austro- Hungarian Monarchy and has since developed into the complex housing subsidy models, administered by regional governments.
These models reflect varying political objectives, including housing supply, the encouragement of property ownership or the promotion of rented housing, improvements in housing quality, barrier-free and accessible housing or climate policy goals.
The ongoing housing shortage and international and national climate targets have put housing affordability and energy-efficiency at the forefront of housing promotion schemes.
Average rent per square metre by housing provider Gross rent incl. service charges in Euros (per square metre) Municipalities (public) Limited-profit housing associations Private (for-profit) landlords Total source: Mikrozensus 2021, Statistik Austria ~3,9 billion € Investment in new construction 1 billion € Investment in renovation
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