줄리언 보저 글 요지와 논평.
요지: 베네수엘라 침공한, 트럼프비판. 트럼프 외교 = '미국 외교의 푸틴화' , 외교 규칙들 사라지고, 힘대결의 장으로 변한 세계.
미국 리버럴 정치평론가 David Rothkopf 데이비드 로쓰코프 발언. 트럼프 정치행위 = 미국 외교의 푸틴화로 귀결되었다.
소감.
트럼프가, 국제정치학 교과서에서 말하는 '좋은 헤게몬'으로서 미국이 외교 규칙들을 지키는 '경찰' 노릇을 포기했다.
트럼프가 노골적으로 '군사력'을 내세워 힘대결 선수로 등장했다.
리버럴리스트 국제정치학의 '좋은 헤게몬'은 사라지고 있다. 트럼프가 다른나라의 '동의'를 구하는 과정을 생략하고, '폭력'과 '협박', '군사적 침략'을 통해서 국제정치 헤게모니를 유지하려고 있다.
2017년 이후 오마바부터 트럼프에 이르기까지, 미국의 경제제재가 강화되자, 베네수엘라 마두로 정권은 중국과 러시아와의 관계 개선을 더 본격화했다.
그러자 다시 트럼프가, 우리 돈으로 140조원 (1000억 달러)을 넘는 자본을 베네수엘라에 투자한 중국을 견제했다. 2026년 1월 2일 베네수엘라 침략과 마두로 납치의 국제정치적 목표는, 아메리카 대륙에서 '쿠바, 베네수엘라, 니카라과' 등이 '저항 헤게모니'를 구축하면서 중국과 러시아,이란과의 네트워크 형성을 깨부수기 위함이다.
# hegemony, counter-hegemony
consent, leadership, coercion
The ‘Putinization’ of US foreign policy has arrived in Venezuela
Julian Borger
Senior international correspondent
Trump is no longer bending the rules – he is demolishing them, with consequences far beyond Caracas
Sat 3 Jan 2026 19.22 GMT
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Hardly anyone expected 2026 to be a year of peace, and it was barely two days old when the worst fears were confirmed.
The overnight strikes on Venezuela, the abduction of its leader, Nicolás Maduro, and his wife, and Donald Trump’s declaration that the US would “run” the country and sell its oil, have driven another truck through international law and global norms. But that is not even the most concerning thing about it.
A destroyed anti-aircraft unit at La Carlota military air base
Venezuela attack: what we know so far as US captures President Maduro
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Donald Trump has been driving convoys of bulldozers through that increasingly fragile edifice since taking office nearly a year ago, and now it is mostly wreckage. The events overnight were preceded by airstrikes on small boats in the seas off Central America and the killing of their crews based on unproven allegations of drug trafficking, and the armed seizure of Venezuelan oil tankers on the high seas. It is not yet known how many people were killed in the capture of Maduro in the early hours of Saturday.
In terms of global stability, the worst thing about the Maduro rendition is that it worked.
Trump’s belief in his own global omnipotence, and his desire to grab the territory and natural resources of other countries has been held in check until now by his fear of entanglement in foreign wars. He claimed (falsely) to have ended eight wars, and his greatest ambition in 2025 seemed to be winning the Nobel peace prize. Less than a month ago he was brandishing a hastily confected substitute, the Fifa peace prize. That act of self-abasement by world football’s governing body looks even more absurd now than it did when Trump grabbed the gold medal and put it around his own neck.
Trump’s apprehension over foreign wars seems to be waning. He was clearly thrilled by the drama of the Maduro operation, and the efficiency of the American soldiers who carried it out, declaring on Saturday he was “not afraid” of deploying ground forces in Venezuela to pursue his interests. For an ageing president, growing more petulant, irascible and incoherent with every day in office – facing diminishing popularity and desperate to distract attention from the Epstein child-trafficking scandal – a tightening embrace of military power is an ominous development.
Maduro dressed in camouflage and holding a sword speaks at a rally
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Maduro is a dictator who has run an authoritarian state since 2013 with the help of elections widely regarded as rigged. Photograph: Leonardo Fernández Viloria/Reuters
On Saturday morning, Trump seemed giddy with military success. “A lot of good planning and a lot of great, great troops and great people,” Trump told the New York Times. “It was a brilliant operation, actually.”
The attack on Venezuela suggests the allure of foreign lands, oil and minerals is now glimmering brighter than the Nobel prize.
It was mostly left to others in the Trump administration to cast the attack in legal language and suggest that Maduro was being “brought to justice”. The Venezuelan leader was indicted in the US at the end of the first Trump term on corruption, drug trafficking and other offences.
Maduro is a dictator who has run an authoritarian state since 2013 with the help of elections widely regarded as rigged. But the specific drug allegations made against him by the US are seen by most experts as flimsy, and would not represent convincing grounds under international or US law for the attack on Venezuela and Maduro’s abduction. In repeated statements, Trump has made clear he is more covetous of Venezuela’s oil than motivated by a desire to bring Maduro before a court, or deliver democracy to the people of Venezuela.
Hours after ousting Maduro, Trump said US were ready to move in to fix Venezuela’s decrepit, sanctions-ravaged oil industry. “We’ll be selling large amounts of oil,” he said.
The international laws and norms Trump has barged through had already been loosened by previous US administrations. The operation most closely resembles the 1989 invasion of Panama and forced surrender of its strongman, by the first Bush administration.
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Today an illegal coup in Venezuela, but where next? Donald Trump talks peace but he is a man of war
Simon Tisdall
Simon Tisdall
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That was followed by the younger George Bush with the invasion of Iraq on false grounds, and his administration’s broad use of rendition and torture. Barack Obama failed to hold his predecessor’s administration to account and pursued his own legally questionable drone assassination campaign against suspected terrorists.
These are arguably discrete acts of hypocrisy by earlier presidents, who claimed exceptions from international laws in the pursuit of US interests, but mostly embraced global norms in the knowledge that the “rules-based system” overwhelmingly favoured America.
Trump has complete disdain for that system. He looks at the world through the eyes of a 19th-century imperialist, but with 21st-century weapons.
Venezuela in state of emergency after US strikes and capture of Maduro – video report
2:18
Venezuela in state of emergency after US strikes and capture of Maduro – video report
It is unclear how far Trump intends to go in Venezuela to advance his aims, but he made clear on Saturday that the “American armada” would remain poised in the region “until United States demands have been fully met and fully satisfied” – demands that are likely to include a takeover of Venezuela’s oil industry.
Trump said Maduro’s deputy, Delcy Rodríguez, was ready to cooperate with Washington and that he had other people in mind to put in place. It is unclear whether Maduro’s supporters have the capacity or will to resist a US takeover, or whether any rebel groups will take the opportunity to make a move. A tranquil outcome seems a remote prospect.
What unfolded overnight in Venezuela will cause immediate anxiety to governments like Iran and Denmark, against which Trump has expressed enthusiasm for taking radical action.
In recent days, Trump has said the US would come to the defence of Iranian anti-government protesters, and his officials have kept up a drumbeat of threats to take control of Greenland by any necessary means. Last month, the Danish Defence Intelligence Service labelled the US as a security risk, a declaration that would have been unthinkable just a short time ago for a Nato ally.
In his press conference on Saturday, Trump added Cuba to the list of countries in his sights, suggesting it was “very similar” to Venezuela “in the sense that we want to help the people in Cuba”. His secretary of state, Marco Rubio, added that Havana should feel “concerned” in the wake of the events in Venezuela.
It accelerates the slide from a mostly rules-based world to one of competing spheres of influence, to be determined by armed might and the readiness to use it. One US commentator, David Rothkopf, called it the “Putinization of US foreign policy”.
Russian commentators have frequently suggested that Latin America lies in America’s domain just as Ukraine was under the Russian shadow. Vladimir Putin thinks the same of much of eastern Europe. Xi Jinping will draw his own conclusions.
The peril made brutally clear in the first few days of 2026 is one that will ultimately be faced by everyone.
This article was amended on 4 January 2026. The US invasion of Panama began in 1989, not 1990 as an earlier version said.
출처.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jan/03/putin-russia-us-foreign-policy-venezuela
