애너스 미라빌리스. Annus mirabilis “a remarkable or notable year.” a year of extremely good events. '놀람'의 해. '경이,경탄의 해'

annus mirabilis. '놀람'의 해. '경이,경탄의 해' 

 

어원. 드라이든의 시. 1666년 런던 대화재. the year of wonders  경이로운, 놀라운 사건의 해. 

영국 해군이 네덜란드 해군을 물리치던 해. 

 

독일어로 번역. annus mirabilis = 분더야. Wunderjahr 

 

놀라서 입이 떡허니 벌어지는. 입이 벌어질 정도로 놀라운 일, 사건. 

 

 

 

a year of extremely good events:

1969 was the annus mirabilis in which man first landed on the moon.

 

Word of the Day : January 1, 2023

annus mirabilisplay

Annus mirabilis means “a remarkable or notable year.”

 

// Devoted film buffs often argue over whether cinema’s annus mirabilis was 1932, 1967, or 1971, but most of the time they simply choose the year their favorite movie came out.

 

 

 

 

 

 

ANNUS MIRABILIS in Context

 

“In literature the response to the challenges and opportunities of the early 20th Century was Modernism—the rejection of traditional linear storytelling and the use of more challenging styles to reflect the new world—and its annus mirabilis is usually seen as 1922.” — John Self, BBC, 1 Feb. 2022

 

To British poet John Dryden, the “year of wonders” was 1666. That was the year of a great British naval victory over the Dutch, as well as the date of the great London fire.

 

When he titled his 1667 poetic review of 1666 and its events Annus Mirabilis, Dryden became one of the first writers to use that Latinate phrase in an otherwise English context.

 

Annus mirabilis is a direct translation from New Latin, the form of Latin that has been used since the end of the medieval period especially in scientific descriptions and classification. The phrase is not particularly common, but it is used by writers and historians to denote any notably remarkable year.

 

 

 

 

 

1667년 드라이든. 애너스 미라빌리스. 

 

Dryden's ANNUS MIRABILIS, 1667.

 

[London Reborn]

 

293

Methinks already from this chymic flame

      I see a city of more precious mould,

Rich as the town which gives the Indies name,

      With silver paved and all divine with gold.

 

294

Already, labouring with a mighty fate,

      She shakes the rubbish from her mounting brow

And seems to have renewed her charter's date

      Which Heaven will to the death of time allow.

 

295

More great than human now and more August,1

      New deified she from her fires does rise:

Her widening streets on new foundations trust,

      And, opening, into larger parts she flies.

 

296

Before, she like some shepherdess did show

      Who sate to bathe her by a river's side,

Not answering to her fame, but rude and low,

      Nor taught the beauteous arts of modern pride.

 

297

Now like a maiden queen she will behold

      From her high turrets hourly suitors come;

The East with incense and the West with gold

      Will stand like suppliants to receive her doom.2

 

298

The silver Thames, her own domestic flood,

      Shall bear her vessels like a sweeping train,

And often wind, as of his mistress proud,

      With longing eyes to meet her face again.

 

299

The wealthy Tagus3 and the wealthier Rhine4

      The glory of their towns no more shall boast,

And Seine,5 that would with Belgian rivers join,

      Shall find her lustre stained and traffic lost.

 

300

The venturous merchant who designed more far

      And touches on our hospitable shore,

Charmed with the splendour of this northern star

      Shall here unlade him and depart no more.

 

301

Our powerful navy shall no longer meet

      The wealth of France or Holland to invade;

The beauty of this town without a fleet

      From all the world shall vindicate her trade.

 

302

And while this famed emporium we prepare,

      The British ocean shall such triumphs boast,

That those who now disdain our trade to share

      Shall rob like pirates on our wealthy coast.

 

303

Already we have conquered half the war,

      And the less dangerous part is left behind;

Our trouble now is but to make them dare

      And not so great to vanquish as to find.

 

304

Thus to the Eastern wealth through storms we go,

      But now, the Cape once doubled, fear no more;

A constant trade-wind will securely blow

      And gently lay us on the spicy shore.

 

 

 

1. One of the Roman names for London was Londinium Augusta.

2. Doom, judgement.

3. Tagus river runs through Spain and Portugal.

4. The Rhine river runs from Switzerland through Lichtenstein, Austria, Germany,

and France, finally ending in the Netherlands.

5. The French river Seine runs from near Dijon in Burgundy, through Paris, emptying

into the English channel at Le Havre. The next line is an allusion to the fact that

King Louis XIV had plans to annex Spanish Flanders.

 

 

 

 

The annus mirabilis papers (from Latin annus mīrābilis, "miracle year") are the four papers that Albert Einstein published in Annalen der Physik (Annals of Physics), a scientific journal, in 1905.

 

These four papers were major contributions to the foundation of modern physics. They revolutionized science's understanding of the fundamental concepts of space, time, mass, and energy. Because Einstein published these remarkable papers in a single year, 1905 is called his annus mirabilis (miracle year in English or Wunderjahr in German).

 

The first paper explained the photoelectric effect, which established the energy of the light quanta {\displaystyle E=hf}E=hf, and was the only specific discovery mentioned in the citation awarding Einstein the Nobel Prize in Physics.

 

[1]

The second paper explained Brownian motion, which established the Einstein relation {\displaystyle D=\mu \,k_{\text{B}}T}{\displaystyle D=\mu \,k_{\text{B}}T} and led reluctant physicists to accept the existence of atoms.

The third paper introduced Einstein's theory of special relativity, which established the universal constant speed of light {\displaystyle c=const.}{\displaystyle c=const.} for all reference frames and a theory of spacetime.

 

The fourth, a consequence of the theory of special relativity, developed the principle of mass-energy equivalence, expressed in the famous equation {\displaystyle E=mc^{2}}E = mc^2 and which led to the discovery and use of atomic energy.

 

These four papers, together with quantum mechanics and Einstein's later theory of general relativity, are the foundation of modern physics.