민주주의 이론에 대한 커리큘럼을 찾다가, 예전 대학원 수업을 들었던 프랭크 커닝엄 선생의 강의안을 보았다. 요새 뭐하시나 인터넷을 검색해봤더니 2022년에 돌아가셨다는 부고를 보게 되었다. 백혈병 지병이 있었다고 한다. 그런데 투병 과정에서 '존엄사' - 안락사를 선택했다는 뉴스를 접했다.
'민주주의 이론' 대학원 수업.
한 학기 수업이라서 금새 지나갔었다. 4명이서 한 조가 되어 같이 발표하고, 에세이 하나를 제출하면 끝이었다. 우리 조는 '자본주의 시장과 민주주의' 주제를 맡았다. 칼 폴라니, 위르겐 하버마스, 맑스 관련한 논의들이었다.
프랭크 커닝엄 선생이 개념에 대해서 잠시 설명해주고, 학생들이 발표하고 토론하는 수업 방식이었다.
난 굳이 학점을 신청할 필요는 없었지만, 토론토에 오기 전에 프랭크 커닝엄 선생 수업을 한번 들어야겠다고 생각했고, 메일도 한 두번 주고 받았다.
프랭크가 수업시간에 이야기해 준 게, 토론토 대학에 경제학과 이름이 맨 처음에는 '정치경제학 political economy'였다고 한다. 나중에 경제학과로 바뀌었다고 알려줬다. 그와 인연이 깊은 C.B 맥퍼슨 강의하다가 그 이야기를 해줬다.
프랭크가 다룬 주제는, 다원적 민주주의 (로버트 달)의 딜레마, 윌리엄 라이커, C.B맥퍼슨, 위르겐 하버마스, 샹탈 무프 등이었다.
그런데 나는 에세이 주제로 F.A.하이예크의 '민주주의' 개념, 최소 정부와 자유시장에 대한 비판을 쓰겠다고 했다. 사실 하이예크에게는 '민주주의론'이라는 게 별로 없었다. 그냥 이 참에 하이예크의 주요 개념들, 시장, 그의 존 로크의 이해, 사회정의 개념 등에 대해서 공부하기 위해서였다.
프랭크와 이야기를 몇 번 나눈 적이 있다. 프랭크의 아내 분이 일본인이었다. 오마츠 마리카 (Omatsu Maryka) 여사는 캐나다에서 아시아 여자로서는 최초의 판사를 역임했다고 한다. 코리아 타운 한인 식당에 두 분이 오셨을 때, 우연히 같은 식당에서 밥을 먹은 적도 있다.
프랭크와 이야기를 하다가, 일본 이야기가 나왔다. 오마츠 여사가 일본으로 돌아가고 싶다고 해서, 프랭크가 일본에 가서 가르친 적도 있다고 했었다.
그런데 그 때가 언제인지는 모르겠지만, 일본 생활이 녹녹치 않았다고 한다. 프랭크가 가르치고 공부하는 주제가, 맑스의 '소외론', 민주주의 이론, 급진적인 사회운동, 사회정의론 등인데, 일본 대학생들이 그렇게 썩 관심을 두지 않았다고 말해줬다. 그래서 다시 캐나다로 돌아왔다고 한다. 솔직하고 직선적이었고, 행정실무도 잘 하시는 선생이었다.
프랭크 커닝엄은 미국 일리노이 에반스튼 Evanston에서 태어났다. 친형이 에반스튼에 있는 노스웨스턴 대학 정치학과에서 박사과정에 공부할 때, 몇 차례 가본 적이 있다. 시카고 바로 북쪽에 있는 중산층 동네이다. 프랭크 커닝엄은 전형적인 미국 중산층 가정에서 태어났지만, 사회주의자가 되었고, 캐나다에 정착해 살았다.
언젠가 한번 찾아가 인사라도 드린다고 생각했는데, 병 투병 중에 돌아가셨다.
존엄사를 선택하셨다는 그의 결단에 대해서, 뭐라고 해야할 지 모르겠다. 명쾌하고 건강하셨던 분인데, 그 백혈병이 너무 고통스러웠다고 한다. 마음 아픈 소식이었다.
프랭크 커닝엄 저서.
The Political Thought of C.B. Macpherson: Contemporary Applications (Critical Political Theory and Radical Practice)
Theories of Democracy: A Critical Introduction (Routledge Contemporary Political Philosophy)
Objectivity in Social Science (Heritage)
by Frank Cunningham
Real World of Democracy Revisited.
Democratic Theory and Socialism
Understanding Marxism: A Canadian Introduction
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Myelodysplasia – 마이어로디스플레이지어. 척수의 발달 이상
-
: a developmental anomaly of the spinal cord.
myelodysplastic syndrome
noun
: any of a group of bone marrow disorders that are marked especially by an abnormal reduction in one or more types of circulating blood cells due to defective growth and maturation of blood-forming cells in the bone marrow and that sometimes progress to acute myelogenous leukemia
called also myelodysplasia, preleukemia
골수 이형성 증후군, 비정상 혈액 형성 세포가 골수에서 발달되는 관련 장애 그룹, 이후 백혈병으로 됨.
In memoriam Frank Cunningham (1940-2022)
Published: February 4, 2022
Posted In: Announcements, Faculty, St. George, UTM, UTSC
Portrait of Frank Cunningham on a dark blue background with the words "In memoriam Frank Cunningham, 1940-2022.
With deep sadness the department announces the passing of our colleague Frank Cunningham. He suffered from leukemia and died at his Vancouver home on February 4, 2022, assisted by the Canadian Medical Assistance in Dying program. Maryka Omatsu, his wife of more than 50 years, wrote: “Frank died as he lived, courageously and true to his principles.”
Cunningham joined the Department of Philosophy at the University of Toronto in 1967 as a lecturer when still completing his doctorate, supervised by David Gauthier. The dissertation dealt with the philosophy of social science and was later published in book form as Objectivity in Social Science (1973).
For the remainder of his career, Cunningham focused his research on political philosophy, with a particular emphasis on democratic theory, which led to a number of books: Democratic Theory and Socialism (1987), Theories of Democracy: A Critical Introduction (2002), The Real World of Democracy Revisited and Other Essays on Socialism and Democracy (1994), The Political Thought of C. B. Macpherson: Contemporary Applications (2019), and, most recently, Ideas in Context: Essays in Social & Political Theory (2020).
Cunningham also excelled as a teacher at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, supervising 19 doctoral dissertations and serving on many more committees during his time at the university.
From 1982 to 1988, Cunningham served as our department’s chair, setting the stage for its rejuvenation after years of being unable to make any appointments.
During his time as chair he also laid the groundwork for the enormous success of philosophy in the decades to come, introducing the idea of making it a high school subject for the first time in Ontario, and shepherding the proposal through multiple levels of government approval.
Many people at the time viewed the idea with great skepticism, worrying that the approach would cut into first-year enrollment: they believed this cohort consisted largely of students who a needed a humanities course in their undergraduate studies but who had disliked English and history in high school.
Cunningham proved them wrong. He further spearheaded the university’s introduction of an organized program in bioethics for both undergraduates and graduate students. Between 2000 and 2005, he served as principal of Innis College.
Cunningham retired from U of T in 2009 and moved to Vancouver, where he was affiliated for a couple of years with the Urban Studies program at Simon Fraser University.
We mourn the passing of a great colleague, exceptional philosopher, dedicated teacher, innovative thinker, and generous human being. His absence will leave a hole in the world. Our thoughts are with his family and closest friends.
Please look for a longer memorial in this space in the days to come. You can also read the obituary for Cunningham in the Globe and Mail.
Frank CUNNINGHAM Obituary
FRANK CUNNINGHAM Professor and Political Theorist 1940 - 2022 Frank Cunningham died of cancer at the age of 81 in his Vancouver home, overlooking scenic English Bay and Stanley Park.
Frank was the author of seven books and a decorated teacher.
Among other posts he served as Chair of the University of Toronto's Philosophy Department and Principal of its Innis College.
Born in Evanston, Illinois, he pursued studies at Indiana University and the University of Chicago.
He moved to Toronto in 1965 and took out Canadian citizenship in 1973.
Frank studied and then taught at the University of Toronto for over 40 years, later taking up a position in Urban Studies at Simon Fraser University. Throughout his life, Frank fought for social justice and democratic socialism. A political activist, he was a founding member of the University of Toronto's Faculty Committee on Vietnam and its Faculty Reform Caucus.
Arrested for his opposition in South Africa's apartheid system, he was also active in anti-racist and socialist movements and was instrumental in introducing philosophy courses in Ontario's grades 11 and 12 high school curricula.
In Toronto and Vancouver, Frank was active in neighbourhood-level politics.
His good and sometimes zany sense of humor tempered his lectures and explains why his students and friends enjoyed his company.
He influenced generations of students to see that a more egalitarian Canada was necessary and possible.
An open access collection of some of Frank's writings along with a narrative describing the personal and political circumstances of their writing may be accessed at socialiststudies.ca/society-for-socialist-studies-books.
Frank enjoyed cooking and his home in Toronto was the epicenter of many lively dinner parties. He loved nothing more than travelling and he combined his passions for travel and teaching by lecturing on social and political thought in Vancouver, Montréal, Kyoto, Amsterdam, Hanoi and Lanzhou (PRC). Unfortunately, COVID-19 and his leukemia curtailed these passions. Frank is survived by his wife of over 50 years, Judge Maryka Omatsu; his sister, Candice; brother, Larry; their children; and his son, Will (by a previous wife). Thanks to Drs. Kathryn Atkinson, Charles Li, Ellen Wiebe and M.A.I.D. Those who wish to make a donation in Frank's memory might do so to the British Columbia Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives or the Canadian Society for Socialist Studies.
https://jacobin.com/2022/05/canadian-medical-assistance-in-dying-maid-frank-cunningham
My Husband Died With Dignity. Everyone Should Have That Right.
My husband, Frank Cunningham, wanted nothing more than to live, but on his own terms. So when, at 81, his cancer made life unbearable, Frank thankfully had the choice to die peacefully. We all deserve that choice.
jacobin.com
